TB 56 Radiation Protection Flashcards
TB 56 Radiation Protection
In general, we can put radiation into two major categories:
•Non-ionizing radiation,
i.e., microwaves (RADAR and cooking ovens) and infrared lamps.
•Ionizing radiation,
i.e., alpha, beta and gamma radiation.
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TB 56 Radiation Protection
ALPHA particles - are the least penetrating
They do
not penetrate even the first outer layer of skin and can be stopped by a piece of thin paper or clothing. A health hazard may occur when alpha-emitting materials are inhaled, swallowed, or enter the body through a wound. Thus, alpha particles are an internal hazard only.
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TB 56 Radiation Protection
BETA particles - are high-speed particles with a moderate penetrating power. Beta particles are ingested the same as alpha particles. These particles can travel several meters in air, can penetrate skin and tissue, and require a few millimeters of aluminum or a thick book to stop them. Thus, beta particles can be both an external and internal hazard.
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TB 56 Radiation Protection
GAMMA particles - are the most penetrating type of radiation and can travel many meters in air and many centimeters in tissue. X-ray is an example of gamma radiation.
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TB 56 Radiation Protection
The basic unit of exposure is the roentgen (R).
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TB 56 Radiation Protection
There are four principle modes of entry into the body: inhalation, ingestion, absorption, and through wounds.
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TB 56 Radiation Protection
An _____ exposure is one delivered over a relatively short period of time (a week or less).
A ______ exposure is one that is delivered over a long period of time (such as years or a lifetime).
ACUTE
CHRONIC
TB 56 Radiation Protection
most sensitive to radiation are bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidney, and reproductive organs;
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TB 56 Radiation Protection
Protection Action Guides (PAGs) for whole body exposure are:
- General population - 1/2 R/hr
- Emergency workers/Firefighters - ___ R/hr
- Lifesaving activities - ___ to ___ R/hr
No deaths are likely to occur below about 200 R/hr,
25
75 to 100
Volume says 25 in 24 hour period
TB 56 Radiation Protection
A WHOLE BODY EXPOSURE is an exposure that involves the trunk of the body as opposed to an exposure of an arm, leg, hand or foot.
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TB 56 Radiation Protection
Exposure control principles are based on consideration of four radiation protection factors that alter radiation dose:
time
distance
shielding
quantity.
TB 56 Radiation Protection
An emergency responder, when required to respond to any hazmat incident, would:
- Spend as little time as possible in the immediate danger area (TIME).
- Stay as far away from danger as possible (DISTANCE).
- Wear protective clothing and stay behind barriers when possible (SHIELDING).
- Keep the amount of hazardous material in the work area contained, isolated, limited, etc. (QUANTITY).
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TB 56 Radiation Protection
The United States Government has authority over all radiological incidents. This authority is delegated to the State of California by agreement. This authority is further delegated from the State to the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services by contract.
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TB 56 Radiation Protection
During monitoring, the probe Mini radiac is held about one inch from the victim and moved slowly back and forth until the entire body has been surveyed.
Any increase in radiation levels above a previously determined background radiation level is an indication that contamination has occurred.
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TB 56 Radiation Protection
hospital emergency department personnel shall be alerted as soon as possible’ to prepare a radiation emergency area (REA), which will take about 20 to 30 minutes.
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