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Anatomy > 6.1 - 6.2 Cartilage & Bones > Flashcards

6.1 - 6.2 Cartilage & Bones Flashcards

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1
Q

Where can you find cartilage in the body? (8)

A

-external ear
-nose
-articular cartilages
-coastal cartilages
-larynx
-trachea
-intervertebral discs
-pubic symphisis

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2
Q

What kind of cartilage is in the ear

A

Elastic cartilage

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3
Q

What kind of cartilage is in the nose

A

Hyaline cartilage

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4
Q

What kind of cartilage is in the articular cartilages

A

Hyaline cartilages

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5
Q

You can find articular cartilages at __________

A

The end of most bones at movable joints

green arrows

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6
Q

You can find coastal cartilages at ______

A

The ribs (it connects the ribs to the sternum)

blue arrow

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7
Q

Coastal cartilage is made out of ______ cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

cartilages in the larynx include the

A

epiglottis

epiglottis is the green

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9
Q

cartilages in the larynx are made out of

A

elastic cartilages

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10
Q

what does the epiglottis do

A

its a falp that opens/closes to keep food from entereing the larynx & lungs

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11
Q

what do cartialges in the trachea do

A

hold open air tubes of the respiratory system

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12
Q

where can you find cartilage in the intervertebral discs

A

between the vertebrae

red dot - lines between spine

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13
Q

where can you find cartilage in the pubic symphysis

A

bottom middle area

purple dot

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14
Q

cartilage is more abundant in ______ than an adult

A

embryo

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15
Q

what is endochondral ossification

A

the process in which the fast-growing hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone tissue

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16
Q

cartilage contains NO ______and NO _____

A

no nerves and no blood vessels

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17
Q

cartilage is a _________________ tissue

A

connective

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18
Q

cartialge is surrounded

A

by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue = perichondrium

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19
Q

perichondrium functions (4)

A

1) acts like a girdle
2) resists outward expansion under pressure
3) helps in growth & repair of the cartialge
4) contains blood vessels

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20
Q

how is cauliflower ear (subperichondrial hematoma) caused

A

damage to the ear that seperates cartilage & perichondrium

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21
Q

cartilage tissue descriptions (3)

A

-consists of primarily water (60-80%)
- very resilient
- 3 types of cartilage

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22
Q

cartilage similarities (4)

A

1) chondrocyte cell
2) chondrocytes are IN lacunae
3) matrix is produces by chondroblasts
4) matrix has fibers & ground substance

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23
Q

identify

A

hyaline cartilage

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24
Q

identify

A

elastic cartilage

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25
identify
fibrocartilage
26
bones are organs because they contain several different tissues - what types? (5)
-bone connective tissue MOST -nevous tissue in nerves -blood connective tissue in blood vessels -cartilage connective tissue -epithelial tissue in lining blood vessels
27
bone functions (6)
1. support 2. movement 3. protection 4. mineral storage 5. blood cell formation & energy storage 6. energy metabolism
28
explain how bone assist in: support
provides hard framework to support weight of body
29
explain how bone assist in: movement
skeletal muscles use bones as leves to move the body & parts
30
explain how bone assist in: protection
protects underlying organs : -skull protects the brain -vertebrae surrounds spinal cord -rib cage protects organs of the thorax
31
explain how bone assist in: mineral storage (2)
reservoir of minerals like calcium and phosphorus & releases into the blood stream
32
explain how bone assist in: blood cell formation & energy storage
bone contains red (makes blood cells) & yellow bone marrow (site of fat storage)
33
explain how bone assist in: energy metabolism (2)
-osteoblasts secrete osteocalcin (hormone that influences sugar regulation & energy metabolism) -osteocalcin stimulates insukin secrete in pancreas that reduce blood sugar levels
34
what makes bone like other connective tissues
its seperated by extracellular matrix
35
what makes bone unlike other connective tissues
bone consists of organic (cells, fibers, ground substance) & inorganic components
36
what is the extracellular matrix of bone made of
-31% organic material (mostly collagen) -65% inorganic material (mostly calcium phosphate --> hydroxyapatite)
37
what does collagen contribute to in the bone extracellular matrix
flexibility & strength
38
what does calcium phosphate ( hydroxyapatite ) contribute to in the bone extracellular matrix
provides hardness & resists compression
39
identify green
periosteum
40
identify blue/purple
perforating collagen fiber bundles
41
identify red
colalgen fibers run in different directions
42
identify green
perforating collagen fiber bundles
43
what happens if you soak bone in vinegar for days
the acidic vinegar dissolves away bone's minerals & makes bone flexible
44
what happens if you bake a bone at high temperature to destroy the organic component of bone
remains mineral components - stiff & brittle
45
4 types of cells in bone tissue
1) osteoprogenitor cells 2) osteoblasts 3) osteocytes 4) osteoclasts
46
3 types of cells in bone tissue that produce or maintain the tissue
1) osteoprogenitor cells 2) osteoblasts 3) osteocytes
47
type of cell in bone tissue that is responsible for resorption of bone tissue
osteoclasts
48
order of bone tissue cells (3) what makes what
osteoprogenitor cells --> osteoblasts --> osteocytes
49
4 classifications of bones
1- long bones 2- short bones 3- flat bones 4- ireggular bones
50
describe long bones (2)
-longer than wide -has shaft plus 2 ends
51
describe short bones
semi cubed shape
52
describe flat bones (2)
- thin & flattened - usually curved
53
describe irregular bones (2)
-various shapes -doesn't fit into other categories
54
long bones found in (2)
-most bones in limbs -fingers & toes
55
short bones found in (3)
-wrist & ankle -sesamoid bones (short bones with tendons) -patella (kneecap)
56
Flat bones found in (4)
-most cranial bones -ribs -sternum -scapula
57
irregular bones found in (2)
-vertebrae -hip bones
58
gross anatomy of bones (2)
-compact bone -spongy bone
59
what is the compact bone (2)
-dense outer layer of bone -smooth & solid to naked eye
60
what is the spongy bone (2)
-honeycomb of small needle-like or flat pieces (trabeculae) -open spaces between trabeculae filled w red or yellow marrow
61
unlike cartilage, bones are well ___________
vascularized
62
between ___ & _____ of the blood in the body is in the skeleton
3% & 11%
63
the _____________ covers the external surface of the bone; the ____________ covers the interal surface of the bone
periosteum ; endosteum
64
osteoblasts are known for ________________ ; while osteoclasts are known for __________________
making ; breaking
65
with bare eyes, compact bone looks
solid
66
under microscope bone is seen with ...
passegeways for blood vessels & nerves
67
osteon description (5)
-important structural component -long cylindrical structures -fucntions in supports -resembles rings of tree -each tube inside is called a lamella
68
what's inside a lamella (2)
-layer of bone matrix with collagen fibers & mineral crystals in 1 direction -fibers & cristals of adjacent lamella run in the opposite direction
69
identify red
osteons
70
identify blue
lamella
71
identify red
central canal
72
what runs through the core of each osteon | compact bone
-central canal -blood vessels & nerve fibers -lamella -perforating canals (volkmann's canals) -canaliculi -lacunae
73
identify red
canaliculi
74
what does the canaliculi do
connect lacunae to one another
75
identify pink
osteocyte in lacuna
76
idnetify green
lamellae
77
identify orange
central canal
78
identify yellow
lacunae
79
what do volkmanns canals do (compact bone)
canals at right angles to connect blood & nerve supply to the central canals & marrow cavity
80
spongy bone microscopic structure (2)
- less complex than complex bone - each trabecula has several layers of lamellae & **osteocytes** | too small for osteons or vessles
81
identify red
perforating canals (volkmanns canals)

Anatomy (2 decks)

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