6.1

Question 1

what is the need of enzymes in digestion

Answer 1

speed reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 2

digestive enzymes for amylase (4)

Answer 2

Substrate: starch
Product: maltose
source: mouth
pH: 7-7.8

Question 3

digestive enzymes for protease (4)

Answer 3

Substrate: polypetides
Product: amino acids
source: duodenum
pH: 8

Question 4

Digestive enzymes for lipase

Answer 4

Substrate: triglycerides

product: fatty acids and glycerol
source: pancreas
ph: 7.2-7.5

Question 5

Digestion route

Answer 5

1. Mouth (salivary amylase begins chemical digestion of starch
2. Esophagus (wave of muscle contractions pushes bolus into stomach)
3. Stomach (continue mechanical digestion, acid kills bacteria, pepsin begins digestion of proteins)
4. Duodenum (bile from liver and gall bladder neutralises acids and emulsifies fats. Pancrease amylase and lipase digest carbs and fats, Trypsin digests polypeptides and amino acids)
5. Illeum (absorbs nutrients into blood via villi)
6. Large intestine (water is reclaimed and returned to blood leaving semi-solid feces. Stored in rectum)
7. Egestion (feaces of undigested food, dead cells and other waste is forced out anus)

Question 6

Absorption meaning

Answer 6

uptake of broken-down food molecules into the blood

Question 7

Assimilation meaning

Answer 7

absorption of broken-down food molecules into cells

Question 8

purpose of villi and microvilli

Answer 8

increase surface area due to all the folds which will increase absorption. On each villi there are epithelial cells which have microvilli that increase absorption even more

Question 9

wall of small intestine from outer layer to inner layer

Answer 9

serosa, longitudinal muscle, circular muscle, submucosa, mucosa

Question 10

what is absorbed by villi

Answer 10

monosaccharides glucose, fructose, galactose, amino acids, fatty acids, monoglycerides, glycerol, nucleotide bases

Question 11

describe endocrine glands

Answer 11

secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream without ducts, Eg: Thymus gland responsible for the production of T cells

Question 12

Describe exocrine cells

Answer 12

Secrete hormones through ducts. Eg: sweat glands, salivary glands)

Question 13

purpose of liver

Answer 13

regulate chemical levels in blood and create bile which breaks down fatty acids. Bile is stored in gall bladder

Question 14

Purpose of Pancreas

Answer 14

make pancreatic juice full of enzymes, high pH, enzymes break down sugars, fats, and starches, also can make hormones