6.1 periodic motion Flashcards
(52 cards)
What is periodic motion?
Periodic motion is motion that repeats itself at regular intervals of time.
Give an example of periodic motion.
The swinging of a pendulum is an example of periodic motion.
What is the period of motion?
The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of motion.
Define frequency in the context of periodic motion.
Frequency is the number of cycles of motion that occur in one second.
What is the relationship between period and frequency?
Frequency is the reciprocal of the period; frequency = 1/period.
What unit is used to measure frequency?
Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz).
True or False: The period of a motion can change if the amplitude changes.
False.
What is amplitude in the context of periodic motion?
Amplitude is the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position.
In simple harmonic motion (SHM), how is the restoring force related to displacement?
In SHM, the restoring force is directly proportional to the negative displacement.
What is the formula for the period of a simple pendulum?
The period T = 2π√(l/g), where l is the length of the pendulum and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
What is the significance of the equilibrium position in periodic motion?
The equilibrium position is the point where the net force acting on the object is zero.
What type of energy transformation occurs in periodic motion?
In periodic motion, kinetic energy and potential energy are transformed into each other.
What is a waveform?
A waveform is a graphical representation of the variation of a physical quantity over time.
How does damping affect periodic motion?
Damping reduces the amplitude of oscillations over time.
What is the difference between underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped systems?
Underdamped systems oscillate with decreasing amplitude, critically damped systems return to equilibrium without oscillating, and overdamped systems return to equilibrium slowly without oscillating.
What is resonance in the context of periodic motion?
Resonance occurs when a system is driven at its natural frequency, resulting in large amplitude oscillations.
What determines the natural frequency of a system?
The natural frequency is determined by the physical properties of the system, such as mass and stiffness.
What is the formula for the frequency of a mass-spring system in SHM?
Frequency f = (1/2π)√(k/m), where k is the spring constant and m is the mass.
True or False: In SHM, the acceleration is always directed towards the equilibrium position.
True.
What is the phase of periodic motion?
Phase describes the position of a point in time on a waveform cycle.
What is the maximum velocity of an object in SHM?
The maximum velocity occurs as the object passes through the equilibrium position.
How does the mass of a pendulum affect its period?
The mass of a pendulum does not affect its period; it depends only on the length and gravity.
What is simple harmonic motion?
Simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion where the restoring force is proportional to the displacement and acts in the opposite direction.
Fill in the blank: The total mechanical energy in SHM remains __________.
constant.
