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Mock paper 2 > 6.1 Transport systems in mammals > Flashcards

6.1 Transport systems in mammals Flashcards

1
Q

what is the benefit of a closed circulatory system?

A

{blood always moves within a vessel}

blood pressure can be maintained

supply to organs can differ depending on function and need

lower volumes of blood volumes

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2
Q

what is the benefit of a double circulatory system?

A

{pulmonary + systemic}

pressure can be maintained separately

blood does not mix ∴ oxygen/nutrient uptake at exchange site is more efficient

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3
Q

which artery/vein supplies the head and neck?

A

carotid artery + jugular vein

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4
Q

which artery/vein supplies the upper/forelimbs?

A

subclavian artery + vein

lymph feeds back in here

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5
Q

which artery/vein supplies the liver?

A

hepatic artery + vein

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6
Q

which artery/vein supplies the stomach/intestines?

A

gastric + mesenteric artery + vein

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7
Q

which vein takes blood from the stomach to the liver?

A

hepatic portal vein

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8
Q

which artery/vein supplies the kidneys?

A

renal artery + vein

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9
Q

which artery/vein supplies the gonads?

A

genital artery + vein

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10
Q

which artery/vein supplies the lower limbs?

A

iliac artery + vein

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11
Q

from lumen to vasa vasorum, list the layers of an artery’s wall

A

lumen

tunica intima

endothelium

internal elastic lastima

tunica media

external elastic lastima

tunica externa

vasa vasorum

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12
Q

which is the function of elastic fibres in arteries?

A

allow arteries to expand and contract during ventricular systole

regulate blood pressure

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13
Q

what is the function of smooth muscle in the arteries?

A

contract –> forces blood through at high pressure

can change the size of the lumen

no friction in blood flow

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14
Q

from lumen to vasa vasorum, list the layers of a vein’s walls

A

lumen

tunica intima

endothelium

tunica media

tunica externa

vasa vasorum

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15
Q

how is blood moved in veins?

A

skeletal muscle compresses and decompresses veins

pressure change causes blood to move in from venules and up vein

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16
Q

what are capillaries made of?

A

squamous endothelium

17
Q

what is systolic pressure?

A

the pressure in the arteries as blood is forced out of the left ventricle during systole

18
Q

what is diastolic pressure?

A

the pressure during diastole

19
Q

what is blood pressure measured with?

A

sphygmomanometer

20
Q

how is blood pressure measured?

A

rest 5-10 mins

inflate cuff on left bicep

inflate until pressure on brachial artery cuts off blood supply

stethoscope used to listen for Korotkoff sounds (= systolic pressure)

when heard, pressure released –> when gone = diastolic pressure

21
Q

what is hypertension?

A

higher than average blood pressure

22
Q

what are risk factors that contribute to hypertension?

A

age + gender

stress/exercise levels

smoking/dietary habits

alcoholism

23
Q

what are the health risks associated with hypertension?

A

damage to artery walls –> aneurysm/blood clot

damage to heart valves

kidney disease

24
Q

what are the health risks associated with hypotension?

A

weakness/tiredness/fainting

coma

death

25
Q

what is tissue fluid?

A

fluid that surrounds the cells of the body

26
Q

what is the function of tissue fluid?

A

to supply cells with nutrients and to remove waste products

exchange of materials at capillaries

27
Q

how is tissue fluid formed?

A

high hydrostatic pressure at arteriole end of capillaries

water and other soluble materials forced out of the blood plasma

plasma proteins too large to diffuse into tissue fluid ∴ they exert negative oncotic pressure on capillary walls which draws water in by osmosis

28
Q

what is lymph?

A

similar to tissue fluid but more leucocytes

29
Q

what is the function of lymph?

A

important in immune response - nodes are site for filtration of pathogens/foreign bodies

Mock paper 2 (9 decks)

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