6.10 (Pgs. 425-432)

Question 1

^ Urban housing challenges in Core(MDC) countries

Answer 1

Poor quality, insufficient availability, and significant unaffordability. Physical conditions need updating to be safe, and proper maintenance and repairs are often unaffordable to inner-city residents.

Question 2

Redlining

Answer 2

The process by which banks refuse loans to those who want to purchase and improve properties in certain urban areas.

Question 3

Racial Segregation

Answer 3

Occurs when people live in separate neighborhoods based on their ethnicity or race.

Question 4

Blockbusting

Answer 4

When people of an ethnic group sold their homes upon learning that members of another ethnic group were moving into the neighborhood.

Question 5

Ghettos

Answer 5

Area of poverty occupied by a minority group as a result of discrimination.

Question 6

Inclusionary Zoning

Answer 6

Practices that offer incentives for developers to set aside a percentage of housing for low-income renters or buyers.

Question 7

Scattered Site

Answer 7

Alleviate the problems of public housing. Provides rental assistance for individuals to disperse public housing throughout the area.

Question 8

Urban Renewal

Answer 8

Allowed governments to clear out the blighted inner-city slums, which usually displaced the residents to low-income government housing complexes, and built new development projects.

Question 9

Eminent Domain

Answer 9

Allows the government to claim private property from individuals, pay them for the property, and then use the land for the public good.

Question 10

Gentrification

Answer 10

The process of converting an urban inner-city neighborhood from a mostly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominately wealthier, owner-occupied area of a city.

Question 11

Informal Settlements

Answer 11

Densely populated areas built without coordinated planning and without sufficient public services for electricity, water, and sewage.

Question 12

Land Tenure

Answer 12

The legal protection of contracts to show ownership of the land or structures.

Question 13

Zones of Abandonment

Answer 13

Areas of a city that have been deserted by their owners for either economic or environmental reasons.

Question 14

Environmental Injustice (Environmental Racism)

Answer 14

The disproportionate exposure of minorities and the poor to pollution and its impacts, plus the unequal protection of their rights under the law.

Question 15

Gated Communities

Answer 15

The building of walled or fenced neighborhoods with limited access and entry points.

Question 16

^Homelessness

Answer 16

All countries of the world face the challenge of homelessness. Govt., religious groups, and nonprofit organizations respond by building shelters, advocating for public funding to support housing, and helping the unhoused learn new skills and gain access to health care and social services.

Question 17

^ Services

Answer 17

If the patrons are poor, prices for services must be low to maintain a customer base in the area. Because of the tight margins with little money available, public services such as parks and swimming pools might be rare in urban neighborhoods with low tax bases.

Question 18

^ Food Deserts

Answer 18

Urban zones that lack food stores. Contribute to health problems, such as obesity and diabetes, for poorer urban residents.

Question 19

^ Regional Governance

Answer 19

Typically requires voluntary coalitions of city governments to address the needs and create plans for the larger region.