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PsyShelf > Psych Diagnoses (Ddx) > Flashcards

Psych Diagnoses (Ddx) Flashcards

1
Q

Delusional Disorder:

A

Def: Persistent delusions (1+ delusion for 1+ month or more) in absence of other psychotic sx; able to function apart from delusion.

Ddx: Schizophrenia (other psychotic sx present), Personality disorders (no clear delusions)

Delusion subtypes:

  • Delusions of persecution (most frequent)
  • Erotomanic delusions (false belief that someone of higher status is in love with pt)
  • Grandoise delusions (great, talent, insights, or achievements)
  • Jealous delusions (unfaithful partners)
  • Somatic delusions (bodily functions/sensations)
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2
Q

Anorexia

A
  • Significantly low body weight (BMI <18.5 or <17)
  • Intense fear of wt gain
  • Distorted views of body wt/shape
  • Subtypes: Binge/purge vs. Restricting
  • PE: Emaciation, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia, hair loss, dry skin, lanugo (fine, downy body bair), amenorrhea often. If vomiting: Puffy cheeks/parotic gland hypertrophy, dental cavities, halitosis, scars/calluses on hand from contact with teeth (Russell sign), electrolyte abnormalities
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3
Q

Bulemia

A
  • Recurrent episodes of binge eating
  • Compensatory behavior (vomiting, exercise) to prevent wt gain
  • Excessive worry about body shape/wt
  • Maintains normal body weight
  • PE: Puffy cheeks/parotic gland hypertrophy, dental cavities, halitosis, scars/calluses on hand from contact with teeth (Russell sign), electrolyte abnormalities
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4
Q

Binge Eating Disorder

A
  • Recurrent binge eating w/lack of control

- No compensatory behaviors

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5
Q

Anorexia vs. Bulemia key difference:

A

-Anorexia has low body wt vs. Bulemia has nl body wt.

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6
Q

Adjustment Disorder vs. GAD

A

Adjustment Disorder is mood disturbance within 3 months of an identifiable stressor vs. Generalized Anxiety Disorder is >6 months of persistent worry about multiple issues.

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7
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

A
  • Marked anxiety about >1 social situations for >6 months
  • Fear of scrutiny by others, humiliation, embarrassment
  • Social situations avoided or endured w/intense distress
  • Marked impairment (social, academic, occupational)
  • Subtype specifier - Performance only
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8
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder/Social Phobia Tx:

A
  • SSRI/SNRI
  • CBT
  • Beta-blocker or Benzos - for performance-only subtype
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9
Q

Performance Anxiety Tx:

A

-Beta-blocker or Benzos

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10
Q

Cluster A Personality Disorders:

A

“Wierd” (odd/eccentric)

1) Paranoid PD
2) Schizoid PD
3) Schizotypal PD

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11
Q

Cluster B Personality Disorders:

A

“Wacky” (dramatic/erratic)

1) Borderline PD
2) Antisocial PD
3) Narcissistic PD
4) Histrionic PD

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12
Q

Cluster C Personality Disorders:

A

“Worried” (anxious/inhibited)

1) Dependent PD
2) Avoidant PD
3) Obsessive-Compulsive PD

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13
Q

Narcolepsy

A

DSM-5 Criteria:

  1. Recurrent lapses into sleep/naps (at least 3x/wk for 3 months)
  2. At least 1 of these:
    - Cataplexy: Brief loss of muscle tone precipitated by strong emotion (ie. laughter, excitement)
    - Low CSF level of hypocretin-1/orexin-A
    - Shortened REM sleep latency
  3. Other features:
    - Hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations (upon falling asleep or awakening)
    - Sleep paralysis (can’t move upon waking up)
    - Excessive daytime sleepiness

-Onset = usually teens-early 20s

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14
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder

A

-1 or more positive psychotic sx that last 1 day to 1 month and aren’t due to another medical disorder or substance use.

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15
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A
  • Pattern of angry/irritable mood and defiant behavior towards authority figures
  • ONLY IN KIDS
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16
Q

Conduct DisorderAn

A
  • Persistent and pervasive pattern of violating major societal rules or rights of others, including aggression, deceitfulness, theft.
  • ONLY IN KIDS
17
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A
  • Pattern of violating basic societal rules and rights of others
  • Requires hx w/sx of conduct disorder b/f age 15
  • ONLY IN 18+ (ADULTS)
18
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

-Numerous compulsive acts that occur in response to obsessive thoughts

19
Q

Specific Phobia

A
  • Marked anxiety about a specific object or situation for >6 months (esp. Flying, heights, animals, injections, blood)
  • Avoidance behavior (avoiding bridges, elevators, airplanes)
  • Common (10% of population)
  • Usually develops in childhood or after a traumatic event

Tx: 1) CBT, involving exposure to specific stimulus, 2) Short-acting Benzo (only acutely)

20
Q

PTSD

A

Tx: 1) SSRI (Fluoxetine), 2) Eye Movement Desensitization

21
Q

Acute Mania:

A

Sx:

  • Elevated, irritable, labile mood
  • Increased energy/activity, decreased sleep
  • Pressured speech, racing thoughts, distractable
  • Grandiosity, risky behavior
  • Marked impairment, maybe psychotic sx

Tx:

  1. Antipsychotic (Respiridone) - rapid onset of action
  2. Lithium, Valproate, Lithium also tx acute mania, by take several days to be effective d/t need for gradual titration
22
Q

Adjustment Disorder:

A

-Mood disturbance occurring within 3 months in response to an identifiable stressor

23
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder:

A

-6 or more months of persistent worry about MULTIPLE issues (vs. adjustment disorder = shorter, 1 issue)

24
Q

Acute Stress Disorder:

A

-Involves exposure to a traumatic event, followed by development of anxiety, hyperarousal, and dissociative/intrusive symptoms >3 days to <1 month

25
Q

Panic Disorder

A
  • Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks, fears of future attacks, and avoidance behavior
  • Attacks must have 4+ of these sx:
  • CP, palpitations, SOB
  • Trembling, sweating, nausea
  • Dizziness, paresthesias
  • Derealization, depersonalization
  • Fear of losing control, dying

Tx:

  1. Immediate = Benzos
  2. Long-term = SSRIs/SNRIs and/or CBT
26
Q

Schizophrenia:

A

Tx: Antipsychotics

27
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder

A

-Psychotic sx for 2+ weeks in the absence of a mood episode

Tx:

28
Q

Schizophreniform Disorder:

A

Tx:

29
Q

Major Depressive Disorder:

A

DEF:

-Subtype: MDD w/psychotic features - unipolar depression with delusions/hallucinations w/depressive themes -.-> Tx: Antidepressant + Antipsychotic or ETC

Tx:

30
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder:

A

-Excessive concern about having a serious, undiagnozed general medical condition, without being delusional

Tx:

31
Q

Delirium:

A

Precipitating factors:

  • CNS insult (stroke/seizure)
  • Infection (ie. PNA, UTI)
  • Meds (ie. Sedatives, Benzos)
  • Metabolic disturbances (ie. Electrolytes, uremia)

Tx:

  • Avoid polypharmacy, physical restraints if needed
  • Maintain normal sleep-wake cycle
  • Provide frequent reorientation
  • Tx underlying cause (ie. Abx for infxtn)
32
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

Sx include:

  1. Obsessions - recurrent, intrusive, anxiety-provoking thoughts/urges/images
  2. Compulsions - response to obsessions w/repeated behaviors or mental acts, behaviors not connected realistically w/preventing feared event
    - Takes >1 hr/day or causes significant distress/impairment

Tx: SSRI and/or CBT (exposure/response prevention)

33
Q

ADHD

A

-Mostly dx in children - must have sx of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity in 2+ settings

ADD FROM QBank

  1. Inattention (careless mistakes, forgetfulness, not listening, avoidance/lack of follow-through of tasks)
  2. Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (can’t stray seated, talkative, difficulty waiting turn, interrupting)

PsyShelf (6 decks)

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