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Information Systems > 07 - Internet > Flashcards

07 - Internet Flashcards

1
Q

Internet Scale

A 
Over 800 mil computers
Over 2 bil users
Every continent
40% of users are Asian
20% European
15% North American
China alone 400m users, more than total US population but only 30% of China's pop.
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2
Q

ARPANET

A

US DOD 1969 an experiment in reliable networking and means to link the DOD and mil research contractors which included many universities.

An ancestor of the Internet.

Broke in two
MILNET - all mil sites
ARPANET - smaller - all non-mil sites

All connected using IP protocol

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3
Q

IP

A

Internet Protocol

A com standard that enables computers to route traffic between all networks connected to the Internet.

Data packets are sent that include the addresses of sense and receiver and other technical information.

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4
Q

Backbone

A

Any one of the many Internet high-speed, long distance comm links.

Most of the guided media and router/gateway equipment contributed by the major telco companies. These firms became known as NSP’s. Also includes switching stations, towers, satellites and global fiber networks.

Verizon, Sprint, British Telcom, and AT&T

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5
Q

Routing

A

Data transmitted from one host is sent to a computer that can forward the message. The data may pass over dozen routers before reaching the destination.

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6
Q

TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol

The widely used Transport Layer protocol that most Internet applications use with IP.

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7
Q

IP Address

A

A 64-bit number that identifies a computer on the Internet.

IPv6 will expand domain to 128-bit

ICANN
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is responsible for managing IP addresses and Internet domain names. They use accredited domain name registrars to check and clear new requests. About $9/yr each.

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8
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name System

Mapping Words to IP addresses

.com over 90 mil
.net over 10 mil
.org about 9 mil

Domain names must have at least 2 parts separated by periods

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9
Q

URL

A

Uniform Resource Locator

A web address that specifies the exact location of a Web page using letters and words that map to an IP address and a location on a host.

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10
Q

Ways to connect!

A

ISP - any org that provides Internet access to people. Connection requires
Paid service account
Software such as a browser
Device such as PC or smartphone

LAN Server
Dial-up
Cable modem
Digital subscriber line DSL
WiFi
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11
Q

Cloud Computing

A

Where software and storage are provided as an Internet service and are accessed with a web browser.

Office 365 online software suite
NYSE - offering services on Euronext

Saves system design, installation and maintenance.

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12
Q

Cloud Deployment

Public and Private

Also
Hybrid - when external users are granted limited access to a private cloud.

Community - when several businesses share a single cloud service.

A

Public Cloud refers to service providers that offer access to the general public. Apple iCloud, an individual using Google Calendar or a firm using Salesforce.com

Private Cloud is when a single entity uses cloud technology within the confines of a private network. Solution by Univa UD was used by Corus. Private clouds offer more control and security.

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13
Q

The Web

A

Developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN as an internal document-management system.

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14
Q

Internet vs Web

The Internet and Web are NOT the same.

A

The Internet is the infrastructure on which the the Web exists.

The Internet is the physical media and protocols that regulate data transfer and connections.

The Web consists of server and client software, the HTTP and standards, markup languages HTML that structure and deliver information and services over the Internet.

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15
Q

HTML

A

Hypertext Markup Language

The standard page description language for Web pages.

Tags - codes that tell the Web browser how to format text - as a heading or list - and whether images, sounds or other elements should be inserted.

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16
Q

CSS

A

Cascading Style Sheets

A markup language for defining the visual design of a Web page or group of pages. Often defined in a separate file and applied to many languages.

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17
Q

XML

A

Extensible Markup Language

The markup language designed to transport and store data on the Web.

A modular approach to Web design allows you change the visual desire via the CSS and the content via the XML independently and pull everything together via HTML.

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18
Q

Web Programming Languages

Client and server side solutions

A

Program or script embedded in a web page that may run locally (client) or on the server.

JavaScript is a popular client side language - object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems based on the C++ programming language, which allows small programs called applets to be embedded within an HTML document.

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19
Q

Adobe Flash and NS Silverlight

A

Client side apps that required user to install a browser plugin.

Used to view interactive media. Became very popular but now ability supported natively in HTML5.

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20
Q

PHP

A

Hypertext Preprocessor

Programming language for server side application development that can be used to integrate with MySQL, DB2, Oracle and more.

PEARL is another popular server side programming language.

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21
Q

Web Services

A

Standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites that promises to revolutionize the way we develop and use the web for business an personal purposes.

Amazon Web Services AWS - makes its web content avail to other sites or apps.

The key is the use of XML

22
Q

Web Services Tools

A

SOAP

WSDL

UDDI

23
Q

SOAP

A

SOAP - simple object access protocol. A specification that defines the XML format for messages.

24
Q

WSDL

A

WDSL - Web services description language. Allows one software component to connect to and work with another software component.

25
Q

UDDI

A

UDDI - universal discovery description and integration. Used to register web services with an interned directory so they can be easily found.

26
Q

Popular Web page creation tools

A

Adobe Dreamweaver

Microsoft Expression Web

Nvu

27
Q

Web Application Frameworks

Most enterprise level solutions are referred to as frameworks and rely on databases to store and deliver content.

Microsoft .Net
JavaServer Pages
Microsoft ASP
Adobe ColdFusion

A

Web dev software that provides the foundational code - or framework - for a professional interactive web site, allowing developers to customize the code to specific needs.

Drupal
Joomla!

WordPress - for non-programmers
Ruby on Rails - for experienced programmers

28
Q

Web 2.0

A

The Web as a computing platform that supports software applications and the sharing of information among users.

Web 1.0 - offered a platform for developers to to publish information for the general public to view.

29
Q

RIA

A

Rich Internet Applications

Software that has the functionality and complexity of traditional application SW but does not require local installation and runs in a web browser.

Pg 320

30
Q

Web Application Categories

A 
Social Media
Rich Internet Applications RIA
News
Education and Training
Business and Job Information
31
Q

Search Engines

A

Uses keywords and operators to isolate content.

***** Engines use automated programs called Spiders to search their database of content rather than actual Web. Spiders attempt to catalog every web page by content.

Liveperson.com uses a large staff of specialists to answer questions.

Microsoft Bing
China’s Baidu

32
Q

Bing search engine

A

Decision engine

Includes more than just links like media - music, video and games in results.

33
Q

Meta Search Engine

A

Aggregates results from multiple engines simultaneously.

Dogpile.com

34
Q

SEO

A

Search Engine Optimization

Techniques that improve STE rankings in search engines.

Use Web Analytics Software to study detailed statistics about site visitors.

35
Q

Wikipedia

An example of crowd sourcing - the combined efforts of many to accomplish some task.

Open source so users can edit data at any time. Accuracy not guaranteed.

A

Wiki is Hawaiian for quick

Over 3mil English entries and edited by millions of users.
About 1,700 administrators that attempt to validate the content.

OpenStreetMap.org another example

LexisNexis Academic Universe - research DB

36
Q

Web Portals

A

Web page combining useful information and links and acts as an entry point to the web. Typically include a search engine and information feeds if interest. Many users set portals as home pages.

iGoogle, Yahoo! And MSN are horizontal portals offering a broad selection of content.

Vertical portals like iVillage and AskMen cater to specific interests.

37
Q

Email

A

Free - Hitmail, MSN, Gmail
Store messages on host servers

Outlook, Apple Mail or Mozilla Thunderbird are installed on the client and retrieve email from the host.

Push service is when host servers send messages to clients - usually smart phones.

More than 1/2 of mail is SPAM.

38
Q

Instant Messaging

A

A method that allows two or more people to communicate and nine in real time using the Internet.

You can create a buddy list to see who among your friends is also online at any given time.

P330

39
Q

Microblogging, Status Updates and News Feeds

A

Twitter so successful that other social media sites like FB added similar features.

A rich source of consumer sentiment that can improve marketing, customer relations and product dev.

40
Q

Conferencing

A

WebEx and GoToMeeting

41
Q

Telepresence

A

Systems by Cisco, Halo and Polycom that make it appear that attendees are sitting at the table.

Small scale solutions exist from Google Chat and MS Messenger.

Chatroulette.com and Internet Conga Line for random conversations with strangers.

Apple iChat and Skype - computer-to-computer chat

42
Q

Web Blog (blog)

A

A Web site that people can create and use to write about their observations, experiences and opinions on a wide range of topics.

The community of blogs and bloggers is called the blogosphere.

Blogger creates the blog
Blogging is act of entering content in blog.

43
Q

RSS

A

Really Simple Syndication - allow users to subscribe to frequently updated content and receive the latest headlines without actually visiting the blog.

Aggregator software like Google Reader allows you efficiently subscribe and review blogs.

44
Q

Start a Blog!

A

Blogger.com or Wordpress.com host sites. Setup an account, select theme and URL and make an entry.

45
Q

Content Streaming

A

A method for transferring large media files over the Internet so that data stream of voice and pictures plays more or less continuously as the file is being downloaded.

Spotify 1.5 mil
Rhapsody 800k
Slacker 300k
YouTube 100k uploaded 100m viewed daily.
Some companies have created a position of Video Content Mgr. YouTube EDU too!
46
Q

E-Books

A

Around since computers but not really popular till 2007 when Amazon released Kindle.

Kindle introduced ePaper and a light form factor similar to a paperback.

iPad offers color and lots of apps.

47
Q

Online Shopping

A

Groupon’s revenues are 100m

More retailers now offer more items online than in store.

48
Q

Mashup

A

When multiple web service providers combine their services to create a more robust offering.

Google Maps and Twitter combine to show location where tweets came from.

Geo-tagging technology allows tagging data with an associated location.

49
Q

Internet Utilities

Telnet
Secure Shell SSH
File Transfer Protocol FTP

A

Telnet - remote login and host control but unsecured
SSH - secured Telnet type connection

FTP - an insecure protocol that provides a file transfer process between a host and a remote computer and allows users to copy files from one computer to another.

SFTP - secured version.

50
Q

Extranet

A

A network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers or other business partners.

51
Q

VPN

A

Secure connection between two points on the Internet.

Tunneling - the process by which VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the Internet.

52
Q

Sales Tax

A

Could exceed 100 billion for all Internet related business.

Information Systems (8 decks)

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