repro

Question 1

venous drainage of ovary/testis?

Answer 1

L: –> L gonadal v –> L renal vein –> IVC
R: –> R gonadal v –> IVC

Question 2

why is varicocele more common on the left?

Answer 2

bc the L spermatic vein enters L renal v at 90degree angle –> more P, less laminar flow

Question 3

lymphatic drainage of ovary/testis?

Answer 3

para-aortic (RP) LNs

Question 4

lymphatic drainage of distal vagina/vulva/scrotum?

Answer 4

superficial inguinal LNs

Question 5

lymphatic drainage of vagina/uterus?

Answer 5

obturator/external iliac/hypogastric LNs

Question 6

what connects ovaries to lateral wall?

Answer 6

infundibulopelvic ligament
contains ovarian vessels

• • ligate during oophorectomy
• • may damage ureter

Question 7

what connects cervix to lateral pelvic wall?

Answer 7

cardinal ligament
contains uterine vessels

** ureter at risk during ligation for hysterectomy

Question 8

what connects uterine fundus to labia majora?

Answer 8

round ligament (gubernaculum derivative)

** travels through round canal, above artery of Sampson

Question 9

what connects uterus/fallopian tubes/ovaries to pelvic side wall?

Answer 9

broad ligament
contains round ligament
made up of mesosalpinx, mesometrium, mesovarium

Question 10

what connects medial pole of ovary to lateral uterus?

Answer 10

ovarian ligament (gubernaculum derivative)

Question 11

what is the tissue type of the transformation zone?

Answer 11

squamocolumnar junction

Question 12

what is the histology of the uterus?

Answer 12

simple columnar epithelium

glands long and tubular in follicular phase; coiled in luteal phase

Question 13

where do you find spermatogonia?

Answer 13

in the seminiferous tubules - on periphery

spermatocytes mature and migrate inward –> spermatids at lumen

Question 14

what do sertoli cells do?

Answer 14

1) secrete inhibin –> inhibit FSH
2) secrete androgen binding protein –> regulate T levels
3) support/nourish/regulate sperm
4) secrete MIF
5) secrete aromatase –> T and androstenedione to E conversion

Question 15

how does temperature affect sertoli cells?

Answer 15

increased temp –> decreased sperm production and decreased inhibin

(get increased temp with cryptorchidism, varicocele)

Question 16

where do you find sertoli cells?

Answer 16

interspersed in seminiferous tubules

Question 17

what do leydig cells do?

Answer 17

secrete T in presence of LH

Question 18

are leydig cells affected by temperature?

Answer 18

nope!

Question 19

where do you find leydig cells?

Answer 19

interstitium of testis (outside seminiferous tubules)

Question 20

what is the pathway of sperm during ejaculation?

Answer 20

SEVEn UP
seminiferous tubules
epididymis
vas deferens
ejaculatory ducts
urethra
penis

Question 21

injury from pelvic fx most likely to affect which part of urethra?

Answer 21

posterior - membranous

Question 22

injury from blunt force most likely to affect which part of urethra?

Answer 22

posterior - bulbar

Question 23

injury to posterior urethra causes urine to leak where?

Answer 23

retropubic space

Question 24

injury in perineal straddle injury most likely to affect which part of urethra?

Answer 24

anterior - penile

Question 25

injury to anterior urethra causes urine to leak where?

Answer 25

beneath Buck’s fascia

if fascia torn –> superficial perineal space

Question 26

pathway for erection?

Answer 26

parasympathetic - pelvic n
NO –> increased cGMP –> smooth mm relaxation and vasodilation
PDE5 inhibitors prevent cGMP breakdown

Question 27

pathway for anti-erection? (???)

Answer 27

parasympathetic - pelvic n

NE –> increased Ca –> smooth mm contraction, vasoconstriction

Question 28

nerve modulating emission?

Answer 28

hypogastric n (sympathetic)

Question 29

nerve modulating ejaculation?

Answer 29

pudendal n (visceral and somatic)