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MUSC Anatomy EXAM 3 > Gross anatomy of the brain part 1 > Flashcards

Gross anatomy of the brain part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS is comprised of ___ and ___.

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS is comprised of what 2 things

A

nerves-axon bundles

ganglia-neuron cell body aggregates

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3
Q

what is ROSTRAL?

A

toward the front of the head

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4
Q

what is CEPHALIC?

A

Toward the head, can interchange with superior

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5
Q

What is CAUDAL?

A

toward the tail, can interchange with inferior

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6
Q

What is CONTRALATERAL?

A

Opposite sides (L ARM AND R WRIST)

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7
Q

What is IPSILATERAL?

A

Same side (R elbow and R wrist)

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8
Q

CNS forms from what embryonic tissue?

A

ECTODERM

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9
Q

what else is derived from the ectoderm, along with the CNS?

A

skin

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10
Q

When does CNS develop?

A

first 3 weeks after contraception

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11
Q

what are the first two things to develop in utero?

A

CNS and cardiovascular systems

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12
Q

1st week of CNS development

A

neural plate

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13
Q

2nd week of CNS development

A

invaginate to form the neural groove

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14
Q

3rd week of CNS development

A

neural groove closes and forms neural tube

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15
Q

neural tube is precursor to

A

whole Central Nervous System

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16
Q

what does neural tube become after development

A

neural canal in spinal cord

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17
Q

splitting off from neural tube in week 3 is what?

A

neural crest cells

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18
Q

neural crest cells are precursor to

A

dorsal root ganglion

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19
Q

notochord is precursor to

A

nucleus pulposus

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20
Q

cephalic end of neural tube has dilations, name the three starting at the most cephalic end

A
  1. forebrain (prosencephalon)
  2. midbrain (mesencephalon)
  3. hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
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21
Q

what are the precursors to the brain?

A

primary brain vesicles:

  1. forebrain (prosencephalon)
  2. midbrain (mesenceohalon)
  3. hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
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22
Q

secondary brain vesicles are derived from ____.

A

primary brain vesicles

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23
Q

secondary brain vesicles of the prosencephalon (forebrain)

A

telencephalon

diencephalon

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24
Q

secondary brain vesicles of the hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

A

metencephalon

myelencephalon

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25
Q

midbrain’s (mesencephalon) secondary vesicle is called

A

mesencephalon

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26
Q

telencephalon becomes the ____.

A

cerebral cortex

27
Q

diencephalon becomes the ___.

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

28
Q

mesencephalon becomes the ___.

A

midbrain (stays midbrain)

29
Q

metencephalon becomes the ___.

A

cerebellum and pons

30
Q

referred to as the little brain

A

cerebellum

31
Q

myelencephalon becomes the ___.

A

medulla (medulla oblongata)

32
Q

structures on the brain stem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

33
Q

dividing point between brainstem and spinal cord

A

foramen magnum

34
Q

above foramen magnum

A

brainstem

35
Q

below foramen magnum

A

spinal cord

36
Q

what overlies brainstem posteriorly?

A

cerebellum

37
Q

bulging part of brainstem

A

pons

38
Q

what controls our breathing and cardiovascular reflexes?

A

brainstem

39
Q

people have to go on artificial breathing (ventilator) if there is a compromise to this

A

brainstem

40
Q

covering over dorsal brainstem

A

tectum

41
Q

2 superior colliculi and 2 inferior colliculi make up ____.

A

corpora quadrigeminae

42
Q

tectum has four “bumps”, what are they?

A

2 superior colliculi and 2 inferior colliculi

43
Q

structure associated with startle reflex

A

inferior colliculi

44
Q

superior colliculi is associated with what reflexes?

A

vision and vision responses (orientation to visual responses)

45
Q

what carries information between the brainstem and cerebellum?

A

peduncles

46
Q

3 pairs of cerebellar peduncles

A

superior, middle, inferior

47
Q

peduncles are a collection of _____.

A

axons

48
Q

dorsal columns of the medulla carry tactile information to brain, what 4 senses things are associated with it?

A

stereognosis
2 point discrimination
kinesthesia
vibration

49
Q

ability to hold something in hand and be able to tell shape without looking at it

A

stereognosis

50
Q

ability to tell the difference between 2 points close together on body

A

2 point discrimination

51
Q

ability to know where limbs are in space without looking at them

A

kinesthesia

52
Q

on medulla, the lines on bottom of the brainstem are called the ____.

A

dorsal columns

53
Q

dorsal columns associated with lower extremity and lower limbs

A

medial dorsal columns

54
Q

dorsal columns associated with upper extremity and upper limbs

A

lateral dorsal columns

55
Q

on right side of brain, peduncles aren’t visible because what structure is covering it?

A

CEREBELLUM

56
Q

4th ventricle overlies the ___ and ___.

A

pons and medulla

57
Q

what is contained in the ventricles?

A

CSF

58
Q

4th ventricle cavity/depression is referred to as ___.

A

rhomboid fossa

59
Q

upper portion of rhomboid fossa overlies who structure?

A

pons

60
Q

lower portion of rhomboid fossa overlies who structure?

A

dorsal aspect of medulla

61
Q

clusters of axon on lateral side of midbrain is called ___,

A

cerebral peduncles

62
Q

what fibers do the cerebral peduncles carry?

A

fibers of the pyramidal motor system (voluntary motor)

63
Q

pyramidal motor system starts in the ___.

A

cerebral cortex

MUSC Anatomy EXAM 3 (2 decks)

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