Musculoskeletal

Question 1

What are the three types of joints?

Answer 1

synovial, cartilaginous, fibrous

Question 2

What is carlilage?

Answer 2

cushioning of bones

Question 3

What are tendons?

Answer 3

bone to muscle

Question 4

What are ligaments?

Answer 4

bone to bone

Question 5

What are examples of synovial joints?

Answer 5

knee, hand, shoulder- freely mobile

Question 6

What are examples of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 6

vertebral bodies of spine, slightly mobile

Question 7

What are examples of fibrous joints?

Answer 7

skull sutures, immobile

Question 8

What are the three types of synovial joints?

Answer 8

spheroidal ball and socket (shoulder and hip), Hinge (elbow, hands, feet), condylar (knee, TMJ)

Question 9

What do you assess for gait?

Answer 9

asymmetry, guarding, and weakness: head-midline, shoulders-equal motion, arm swing- equal motion, Hips- equal movement, knees- observe knees for knock knees of bow legs, Feet-pronation or supination

Question 10

What does a morse fall risk of 0-24 mean?

Answer 10

nothing

Question 11

What does a morse fall risk of 25-50 mean?

Answer 11

Standard fall preventions

Question 12

What does a morse fall risk of >51 mean?

Answer 12

high risk fall preventions

Question 13

What are extrinsic factors that contribute to fall risk?

Answer 13

hazardous activities, time of day, external lighting, clutter, spills, loose electrical cords

Question 14

What are intrinsic factors that contribute to fall risk?

Answer 14

muscle and strength weakness, gait and balance disorders, visual disturbances, cognitive impairments, dizziness, incontinence, polypharmacy, age, chronic disease

Question 15

Whar are risk factors for osteoporosis and osteopenia?

Answer 15

age >50, family history, ETOH, corticosteroids, bone density scans

Question 16

How can one prevent osteoporosis and osteopenia?

Answer 16

weight bearning exercise, calcium and vit D intake, avoid prolonged use of corticosteroids

Question 17

What do you examine for joints?

Answer 17

symetry, alignment, edema, deformities, ROM active and passive joints and stability, decreaded ROM can be unilateral or bilateral, note muscle atrophy, edema, and crepitis (clicking sound

Question 18

What is the normal range of motion for the neck?

Answer 18

flexion (chin to chest) extension (look up at ceiling) rotation (over each shoulder) lateral bending (ear to shoulder)

Question 19

What is the normal range of motion for the back?

Answer 19

flexion (touch toes) extension (arch back) rotation (rotate from hip) lateral bending (bend side to side)

Question 20

what is the normal range of motion of the shoulder?

Answer 20

abduction: raise arms from side to shoulder level, flextion:raise arms above head, adduction: cross arms in front of chest, external rotation: place hands behind neck, internal rotation: place hands behind back

Question 21

What is a contracture?

Answer 21

loss of motion in the hands- usually permanent- try to prevent!

Question 22

During gait, what is stance?

Answer 22

foot is on ground and bears weight, 60%

Question 23

During gait, what is swing?

Answer 23

Foot moves forward and does not bear weight, 40% of walking cycle

Question 24

What is the normal width from heel to heel in gait?

Answer 24

2-4 inches

Question 25

What is the difference betweek bow and knock legs?

Answer 25

Bow-out, knock-in