Test 2 - RU thyroid

Question 1

what are the two thyroid hormones

Answer 1

thyroxine (T4)

triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 2

the rate of extraction of ______ from the bloodstream and the rate at which T3 and T4 are synthesized are released from storage

regulated by _____

Answer 2

iodine

pituitary TSH

Question 3

general term for enlargment of the thyroid

Answer 3

goiter

Question 4

causes of a goiter

Answer 4

physiologic enlargemnt

iodoine def.

hashimoto thyroiditis

goitrogens - food or drugs that suppress synth of thyroid hormones

dyshormonogenesis - failure of hormone synth

Question 5

goiter without thyroid hormone dysfunction

Answer 5

simple goiter

Question 6

goiter associated with hyperthyroidism

Answer 6

toxic goiter

Question 7

goiter occurring with high freq. in iodine def. geographic areas

Answer 7

endemic goiter

Question 8

irregular enlargemnt of thyroid, resulting in nodule formation

Answer 8

nodular goiter

Question 9

late stage of simle goiter in which goiter is most often nodular

Answer 9

nodular colloid goiter

Question 10

decreased serum free T4

increased serum TSH

Answer 10

hypothyroidism

Question 11

caused by iodine def.

seen in early childhood

Answer 11

cretinism

Question 12

more common in women than men

primary idopathic

idoine def.

decreased cardiac output

decreased sympathetic activity

enlargment of tongue

accumulation of matrix in skin and viscera

Answer 12

myxedema

Question 14

most common cause of hyperthyroidism

age 20-40 women

autoimmune with antibody to TSH receptor (results in increase TSH production and stimulation)

diffuse toxic goiter

exopthalmos (wide eyes)

Answer 14

grave’s disease

Question 15

chronic autoimmune thyroiditis

inadequate production of thyroid hormones

women > men

slow, often inapparent course of enlarged and tender thyroid

massive formation of lymphoids with germinal centers

autoantibodies

Answer 15

hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 16

viral infection - resulting in autoimmunity

enlarged thyroid

onset with neck pain

transient hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism

Answer 16

subacute thyroiditis

“painless or silent thyroiditis”

Question 17

upper respiratory viral infection

painful enlargement of thyroid gland with presence of giant cells

Answer 17

subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (DeQuervain’s disease)

Question 18

benign tumor

Answer 18

adenomas

Question 19

malignant tumor

Answer 19

carcinomas

Question 20

most common thyroid cancer

often metastasizes to the cervical lymphnodes

psammoma bodies present (histologically)

Answer 20

papillary carcinoma

Question 21

cancer originates from C cells of the thyroid

produces calcitonin - calcium lowering hormone

multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome IIa and IIb

Answer 21

medullary carcinoma