Fluids/Electrolytes/Nutrition

Question 1

Meds that cause SIADH

Answer 1

Carbamazepine, SSRIs, NSAIDs

Question 2

Hypoparathyroidism with hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia

Answer 2

Hypomagnesemia (other hypothyroidism causes have hyperphosphatemia)

Question 3

EKG changes in hypokalemia

Answer 3

Broad, flat T waves, U waves, ST depression, PVCs

Question 4

Test to see is metabolic alkalosis is saline responsive or not

Answer 4

Urine chloride (<20 if saline responsive, >20 if salineresistant)

Question 5

Causes of saline resistant metabolic alkalosis

Answer 5

Primary hyperaldosteronism, Cushing syndrome, severe hypokalemia (<2). (Unable to excrete bicarb for a reason other than dehydration)

(Most causes of metabolic alkalosis are saline responsive: vomiting, diuretics, laxative abuse, volume depletion)

Question 6

Alopecia, perioral rash, and altered taste

Answer 6

Zinc deficiency (TPN, malabsorption, short gut)
(Other signs: hypogonadism, impaired wound healing and immunity).

Question 7

Medications that lead to folate deficiency

Answer 7

Phenytoin, methotrexate, trimethoprim

Question 8

B2/Riboflavin deficiency

Answer 8

Malnourished patient with normocytic anemia (as well as angular cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis, and seborrheic dermatitis)