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Anatomy & Physiology 164 > A & P 164 > Flashcards

A & P 164 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the structure of the body is

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Specialized groups of cells with similar structure and function are

A

Tissues

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3
Q

The term used to describe something toward the body’s midline is

A

Medial

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4
Q

The plane that divides the body into right and left sides is the

A

Sagital plane

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5
Q

Which organ system functions to destroy pathogens that enter the body

A

Immune system

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6
Q

The term Patellar is used to identify which region of the body

A

Knee

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7
Q

What is the name of the major body cavity encompassing the front portion of the body

A

Ventral

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8
Q

What is the term used to describe the abdominal region just under the breastbone

A

Epigastric

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9
Q

What type of tissue covers or line the body surfaces

A

Epithieal

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10
Q

The process of homeostatic regulation operates most often through a system of

A

Negative feedback

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11
Q

The nucleus of the cell is called the control centre because

A

It contains all the genetic material for the cell

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12
Q

The plasma membrane is made up of

A

A double layer of phosolipids with cholesterol and proteins embedded at various spots

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13
Q

What is the chief purpose of the Golgi Apparatus

A

Prepares and packages proteins in vesicles for export to other parts of the body

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14
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria

A

To convert organic compounds into ATP

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15
Q

The hair like processes on the surface of a cell that beat in waves to help propel material across its surface are called

A

Cilia

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16
Q

Which of the following correctly describes diffusion

A

It is a form of passive trasport in which particles move from an area of higher to lower concentration

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17
Q

Osmotic pressure is the

A

Water pressure that develops as a result of osmosis

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18
Q

If red blood cells are immersed in a hypertonic solution the cells will

A

Shrivel and lose fluid

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19
Q

Sodium - Potassium pump is

A

A pump that uses energy in the form of ATP to transfer sodium from inside the cells ( where {} is NA are low) to outside the cell ( where {} of NA are high) and to transfer potassium from outside the cell ( where {} P are low) to inside the cell (where {} P are high)

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20
Q

What is the process by which large molecules can leave the cell even though they are too large to move through the plasma membrane

A

Exocytosis

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21
Q

Which of the following statements about RNA is true

A

RNA exists in 3 forms

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22
Q

What determines the genetic code of strand of DNA

A

The sequence of bases

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23
Q

In which phase does the cell make an extra set of DNA

A

Synthesis

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24
Q

What is considered a lipid

A

Steroid

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25
Q

A reaction which a large molecule is broken into smaller molecules is called

A

Catabolism

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26
Q

A molecule consisting of glycerol and three fatty acid chains is a

A

Triglyceride

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27
Q

A fat without double bonds between carbine alone would be classified as

A

Saturated

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28
Q

Cholesterol is classified as a

A

Steriod

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29
Q

What is the function of proteins

A

Provides structure

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30
Q

ATP is an example of

A

Nucleic acid

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31
Q

A Cation is a ______ charged atone and forms an ionic bond

A

Positive

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32
Q

Hydrogen bonds occur

A

Between water molecules

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33
Q

What molecule forms the weakest bond

A

Hydrogen

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34
Q

A chemical compound contains at least two

A

Elements

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35
Q

Electrolytes are

A

Compounds that dissociate in water

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36
Q

Which is the most abundant inorganic compound in the body

A

Water

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37
Q

Glucose is classified as a

A

Monosaccharide

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38
Q

Which is the body’s main source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

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39
Q

The body stores glucose in the form of

A

Glycogen

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40
Q

Ionic bonds are formed when

A

One atom transfers an electron from its outer shell to another atom

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41
Q

Nervous system contains

A

Spinal cord

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42
Q

Muscular system contains

A

Skeletal muscles

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43
Q

Skeletal system contains

A

Cartilage and ligaments

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44
Q

Integumentary system contains

A

Skin, hair and nails

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45
Q

Respiratory system contains

A

Nose and pharynx

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46
Q

Includes the stomach, small intestine and transverse colon

A

Umbilical region

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47
Q

Includes stomach as well as the right and left kidneys

A

Epigastric region

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48
Q

Includes liver, gallbladder and right kidney

A

Right hypochondriac region

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49
Q

Includes appendix, small intestine and ascending colon

A

Right iliac region

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50
Q

Includes part of the liver, left kidney and spleen

A

Left hypochondriac region

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51
Q

The sodium potassium pump works continuously to

A

Pump sodium out of the cells

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52
Q

Which tissue is a continuous sheet of tightly packed cells that covers the body’s surface and lines cavities

A

Epithieal

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53
Q

Which gland secrete their products into ducts that empty onto a body surface

A

Exocrine

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54
Q

Which tissue is the most widespread and varies of all the tissues

A

Connective

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55
Q

Which connective tissue helps to insulate the body to conserve body heat

A

Adipose

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56
Q

The type of healing that occurs when damages tissue heals and is replaced by new functional tissue

A

Regeneration

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57
Q

Which type of cartilage makes up the discs in the vertebrae

A

Fibrocartilage

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58
Q

A gas law that states pressure and volume inversely related when temperature is constant

A

Boyle;s law

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59
Q

Inspired air has

A

A higher P02 than arterial blood

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60
Q

How much of the inspired oxygen is dissolved in blood plasma

A

1.5 %

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61
Q

Oxygen is transported in the blood by binding to

A

Hemoglobin

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62
Q

Carbaminohemoglobin is formed when

A

C02 binds to hemoglobin

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63
Q

Approx 70% of the carbon transported in the blood is in the form of

A

Bicarbonate ions

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64
Q

What substances allows for the surface tension of water inside an alveolus to be reduced

A

Surfactant

65
Q

The air we breathe has a pressure of approx

A

760 mmHg

66
Q

Which structure is responsible for directing food and liquid into the esophagus during swallowing

A

Epiglottis

67
Q

Inhaled food or forgein object are most likely to lodge in which part of the resp

A

Right bronchus

68
Q

What is one of the purposes of the fluid int he pleural cavity

A

Lubricate the pleural surfaces to allow them to glide painlessly during lung expansion and contraction

69
Q

The main muscle responsible for ventilation is

A

The diaphragm

70
Q

Which gas is the primary regulation of respiration

A

Carbon dioxide

71
Q

Hard tissue composed of osteocytes

A

Bone

72
Q

Collagen fibres that make up tenons and ligaments

A

Dense connective tissue

73
Q

Fluid tissue with RBcs and WBCS

A

Blood

74
Q

Tissue forming the ear

A

Elastic cartilage

75
Q

Tissue that stores energy and provides insulation

A

Adipose tissue

76
Q

Active movement of an ion such as sodium from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

A

Transport by pumps

77
Q

Movement of glucose across the cell membrane via a membrane channel

A

Facilitated diffusion

78
Q

Passive movement of a lipid-soluble substance through the cell membrane

A

Diffusion

79
Q

Forced movement of water through caprillary walls

A

Filitration

80
Q

The movement of water across a membrane

A

Osmosis

81
Q

Hemostasis is

A

Halting of blood loss

82
Q

Immediate vasoconstriction following a break in blood vessel is caused by

A

Contraction of smooth muscle

83
Q

The major function of platelets in hemostasis is

A

Forming a platelet plug over the opening in the vessel

84
Q

What does hematocrit reveal

A

How much oxygen the blood can carry

85
Q

Which WBC has the longest lifespan

A

Monocytes

86
Q

What substance carried by each RBC, determines the blood types

A

Antigen

87
Q

Which of the following will occur if someone with type a blood receives a transfusion with type b blood

A

Agglutination

88
Q

What is the name of the great vessels that supply blood to the right atrium

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

89
Q

On a ECG, the QRS complex represents

A

Ventricular depolarization

90
Q

The hearts primary pacemaker is

A

The SA node

91
Q

How does the myocardium receive its blood supply

A

Through the left and right coronary arteries

92
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system sends impulses to the heart via the vagus nerve which

A

Slows the heart rate

93
Q

The vessels that carry blood away from the hear are

A

Arteries

94
Q

Veins are called capacitance vessels because

A

They have the ability to stretch, giving them a great capacity for storing blood

95
Q

What is the purpose of the valves in the veins

A

Prevent back flow

96
Q

The most important mechanism for caprillary exchange is

A

Diffusion

97
Q

The frontal lobe is

A

The front of the central sulcus

98
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Analyses and interprets visual information

99
Q

Motor association area is

A

Involved with the intention to move

100
Q

Primary motor area is found

A

In the precentral gurus

101
Q

An injury to which part of the brain may result in a severe personality disorder and causes socially inappropriate behaviour

A

Frontal lobe

102
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies most of the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities as well as those in the head and neck

A

Vagus

103
Q

Which is a action of parasympathetic division

A

Constricts bronchial tubes

104
Q

What do cholingeric fibres secrete

A

Acetylcholine

105
Q

People with type blood have B antigens in their RBC

A

True

106
Q

People with type 0 blood have no antigens on their RBC

A

True

107
Q

As sodium entered the postsynaptic neuron, the membrane depolarizers

A

True

108
Q

A synapse is where an impulse is transmitted from one neuronal to another

A

True

109
Q

People with type a blood have b anitgens on their RBS

A

False

110
Q

People with 0 blood have both A and B antigens

A

False

111
Q

People with type a blood have a antigens on the WBC

A

False

112
Q

An impulse moves from a postsynpatic neuron to a presynpatic neuron

A

False

113
Q

Neurotramitters bind to receptors on the presynaptic neuron

A

False

114
Q

The release of a neurotransmitter always causes impulses transmission

A

False

115
Q

Increase heart rate

A

Sympathetic

116
Q

Causes fight or flight

A

Sympathetic

117
Q

Stimulates intestinal motility

A

Parasympathetic

118
Q

Stimulates sweat glands

A

Sympathetic

119
Q

Ganglia lie near or within the target organ

A

Parasympathetic

120
Q

Originates in the thoracolumbar region

A

Sympathetic

121
Q

Epithieal tissue has no blood supply and depends completely on the connective tissue beneath it to supply it with oxygen and nutrients

A

True

122
Q

In what type of epitheia do some cells stack on top of other cells but not touch the basement membrane

A

Stratified

123
Q

Which part of the neuron transmits impulses to other cells

A

Axon

124
Q

Which membranes line the boys surfaces that open directly to the body’s exterior

A

Mucous

125
Q

Which type of cartilage makes up the discs in the vertebrae

A

Fibrocartilage

126
Q

The impulse conducting cells of the nervous system are called

A

Neuron

127
Q

What is the blood- brain barrier

A

Semi-permeable membrane that permits small molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse across to the brain but blocks larger molecules

128
Q

Which neuron detect senesations such as touch or heat and then relay information about the stimuli to the central nervous system

A

Afferent neuron

129
Q

A nerve cell in which phase cannot respond to a new stimulus

A

Refractory period

130
Q

Spinal nerves are mixed nerves, containing both sensory and motor fibres, making it capable of transmitting impulses in two directions

A

True

131
Q

Which key nerve is part of the sacral plexus

A

Sciatic nerve

132
Q

CSF furnishes the brain with glucose and protein

A

True

133
Q

Which portion of the brain contain centeres responsible for such vital functions as heart rate, breathing and blood pressure

A

Medulla oblongata

134
Q

Which brain structure influences nearly every organ and exerts control over the autonomic nervous system and pituitary gland?

A

Hypothalamus

135
Q

Brain swelling from a head injury can compress this nerve and interfere with the ability of the pupils to react to light

A

Oculomotor

136
Q

A characteristic of the somatic nervous system

A

Operates under voluntary control

137
Q

The effect produced by a neurotransmitter is ultimately determined by

A

The type of receptor

138
Q

Which substance allows RBC to transport oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

139
Q

A move to high altitude would trigger what change in blood

A

Increased number of reticulocytes

140
Q

Hemolysis may produce which physical sign

A

Jaundice

141
Q

Which WBC would quickly migrate out of the blood vessels into the rises to ingest forgein invader?

A

Neutrophils

142
Q

What is unwanted in part of hemostasis

A

Formation of thrombus

143
Q

How would someone having a heart attack benefit from a drug that stimulates the conversion of plasminogen

A

Plasmin dissolves the fibrin mesh work around blood clots

144
Q

The point of maximum impulse of the heart is at the

A

Apex

145
Q

The portion of the heart wall that lines the hearts chambers is the

A

Endocardium

146
Q

Which valve controls the flow of blood between the left atrium and the left ventricle

A

Mitral valve

147
Q

The cardiac cycle is

A

The series of events that occur from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next

148
Q

Cardiac output equals

A

Heart rate times stroke volume

149
Q

What is the term used to describe the amount of tension or stretch in the ventricular muscle just before it contracts

A

Preload

150
Q

Which arteries are called elastic arteries

A

Conducting arteries

151
Q

What are the exchange vessels of the ciruulatory system

A

Caprillary ex

152
Q

The most important mechanism for capillary exchange is

A

Diffusion

153
Q

All systemic artieries arise directly or indirectly from the

A

Aorta

154
Q

The reason blood constantly circulates is because of

A

Pressure gradients

155
Q

What is the main reason blood flow is slower in the caprillaries

A

Capillaries have a greater cross sectional area

156
Q

What is the function of the nasopharynx

A

Provide openings for the right and left Eustachian tubes

157
Q

What purpose of the cartilaginous rings around the trachea serve

A

Keep the trachea from collapsing during inhalation

158
Q

When pressure in the lungs drops lower than atmospheric pressure, what occurs?

A

Air flows into the lungs

159
Q

Primary way blood is transported in the blood

A

Oxyhemoglobin

Anatomy & Physiology 164 (2 decks)

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