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Musculoskeletal Extras > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Function: adduct and medially rotate humerus, flex clavicle
Innervation: lateral pectoral nerve (C5,6,7); medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
Origin: clavicular, sternal, and costal origins
Insertion: lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
*more costal fibers insert more proximally on the humerus = twist in muscle = smooth armpit

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2
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Function: fix scapula to thoracic wall, stretch arm forward, helps with inspiration
Innervation: Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8, T1)
Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Ribs 3, 4, 5

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3
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Function: Rotates the inferior angle of scapula, holds scapula against thoracic wall when doing pushups
Innervation: Long thoracic nerve C5, 6, 7
Origin: External surface of ribs 1-8
Insertion: anterior surface and medial border of scapula
*damage = winged scapula

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4
Q

Trapezius

A

Function: top fibers elevate scapula, lower fibers depress scapula and lower shoulder. Together, fibers rotate the shoulder
Innervation: cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve)
Origin: C7 to T12, superior nuchal line
Insertion: acromion, spine of scapula
*test by having patient shrug

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5
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Function: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus. Brings body toward arms when climbing
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
Origin: T7 to thoracolumbar fascia and iliac crests
Insertion: floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
*twists to connect to humerus similar to pectoralis major. If thoracodorsal nerve is damaged, pt can’t use a crutch or do a pullup

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6
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Function: elevates scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Origin: transverse process of C1-C4
Insertion: superior angle of scapula, above spine of scapula

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7
Q

Rhomboids

A 
Function: ? 
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Origin: C7 - T1 = minor T2 - T5 = major
Insertion: medial border of scapula
*lie deep to the trapezius
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8
Q

Deltoid

A

Function: initiates abduction of arm is fully adducted. First 15 degrees of abduction is assisted by supraspinatus muscle
Innervation: axillary nerve
Origin: spine of the scapula, acromion, and clavicle
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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9
Q

Teres Major

A

Function: adduction and medial rotation of humerus
Innervation: lower subscapular nerve (C6,7)
Origin: inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
*intercepts with long head of triceps to form triangular space and quadrangular space

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10
Q

Rotator Cuffs

A

Function: all secure humeral head in glenoid cavity.
Supraspinatus - (w/ deltoid) abducts arm
Infraspinatus - laterally rotate arm
Teres Minor - laterally rotate arm and helps adduct arm
Subscapularis - help adduct arm and medially rotates arm
Innervation: suprascapular nerve (supraspinatus and infraspinatus) Axillary nerve (teres minor)
Origin: scapula
Insertion: greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus

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11
Q

Biceps Brachii

A 
Function: flexes shoulder and elbow
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Origin: 
short head - coracoid process 
long head - supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: radial tuberosity
*has no attachment to humerus
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12
Q

Brachialis

A

Function: flexes elbow
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Origin: distal half of the humerus
Insertion: coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna

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13
Q

Coracobrachialis

A 
Function: Flexes and adducts shoulder
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Origin: Coracoid process 
Insertion: mid 1/3 of humerus
*musculocutaneous nerve usually pierces this muscle
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14
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Function: extends the elbow joint
Innervation: radial nerve
Origin:
long head - infraglenoid tubercle
lateral head - posterior surface of humerus
medial head - posterior surface of humerus
Insertion: olecranon

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15
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Function: pronation
Innervation: median nerve
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and ulna
Insertion: lateral surface of radius
*can compress median nerve = pronator syndrome

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16
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Function: flexor of the wrist
Innervation: median nerve
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal

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17
Q

Palmaris Longus

A 
Function: retract claws (not us)
Innervation: median nerve
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
*16% of population is missing this
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18
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Function: flexor of the wrist and abductor of the wrist
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: pisiform, hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal bone

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19
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Function: flexing of proximal interphalangeal joints
Innervation: median nerve
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar head, and radial head
Insertion: body of mid phalanges

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20
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Function: flexes distal interphalangeal joints
Innervation: median nerve (for digits 2, 3, and 1/2 of 4) and ulnar nerve (for digits 1/2 of 4 and 5)
Origin: ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of non-thumb distal phalanges

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21
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

Function: flexes thumb
Innervation: median nerve
Origin: anterior aspect of radial bone and interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of distal phalanges of thumb

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22
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

Function: assists with pronation
Innervation: median nerve
Origin: distal 1/4 of ulna
Insertion: distal 1/4 of anterior radius

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23
Q

Brachioradialis

A 
Function: flexes elbow joint 
Innervation: radial nerve
Origin: lateral epicondyle 
Insertion: lateral surface of radius 
*drinking muscle. part of Mobile Wad of Henry
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24
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A 
Function: extend wrist 
Innervation: radial nerve 
Origin: lateral epicondyle 
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
*part of Mobile Wad of Henry
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25
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A 
Function: extend wrist
Innervation: radial nerve 
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: base of 3rd metacarpal
*part of Mobile Wad of Henry
*runs underneath extensor carpi radialis longus
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26
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

Function: abducts thumb
Innervation: radial nerve
Origin: posterior surface of radius and ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of 1st metacarpal

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27
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

A 
Function: extend thumb
Innervation: radial nerve 
Origin: posterior radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of distal phalanx
*anatomical snuffbox - palmar side
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28
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus

A

Function: extend thumb
Innervation: radial nerve
Origin: posterior radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
*anatomical snuffbox - dorsal side

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29
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

Function: extends non-thumb digits
Innervation: radial nerve
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: extensor expansion (middle and distal phalanx)
*runs deep to extensor retinaculum. Adjacent tendons are connected

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30
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A 
Function: extends proximal phalanx and assists extension of interphalangeal joints and wrist joint
Innervation: radial nerve
Origin: dorsal interosseous membrane 
Insertion: base of 5th metacarpal 
*medial/ulnar side
31
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Function: extends and adducts wrist
Innervation: radial nerve
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: base of 5th metacarpal

32
Q

Extensor Indicis

A 
Function: extends index finger at PIP and DIP independently
Innervation: radial nerve
Origin: ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: extensor hood of index finger
*medial/ulnar side
33
Q

Supinator

A

Function: supination of forearm
Innervation: radial nerve
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: lateral surface of radius

34
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A

Function: abducts carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Innervation: median nerve
Origin: flexor retinaculum and trapezium bone
Insertion: base of 1st phalanx
*thenar group

35
Q

Opponens Pollicis

A

Function: opposes the thumb
Innervation: median nerve
Origin: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium
Insertion: lateral aspect of 1st metacarpal
*thenar muscle

36
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Function: Abducts 5th digit

  • hypothenar group
  • most ulnar/medial
37
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Function: flexes 5th digit

  • hypothenar group
  • deeper
38
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi

A

Function: opposition of 5th digit

  • hypothenar group
  • deepest
39
Q

Lumbrical 1

A

Function: flexes metacarpo-phalangeal joint. Extends interphalangeal joints of non-thumb digits.
Innervation: median nerve
Origin: flexor digitorum profundus tendons
Insertion: lateral sides of extensor expansion

40
Q

Lumbrical 2

A

Function: flexes metacarpo-phalangeal joint. Extends interphalangeal joints of non-thumb digits.
Innervation: median nerve
Origin: flexor digitorum profundus tendons
Insertion: lateral sides of extensor expansion

41
Q

Lumbrical 3

A

Function: flexes metacarpo-phalangeal joint. Extends interphalangeal joints of non-thumb digits.
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Origin: flexor digitorum profundus tendons
Insertion: lateral sides of extensor expansion

42
Q

Lumbrical 4

A

Function: flexes metacarpo-phalangeal joint. Extends interphalangeal joints of non-thumb digits.
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Origin: flexor digitorum profundus tendons
Insertion: lateral sides of extensor expansion

43
Q

Adductor Pollicis

A

Function: Adducts thumb
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Origin: capitate, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Insertion: proximal phalanx, dorsal aponeurosis of thumb

44
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

Function: abduction
Innervation: ulnar nerve
*we have 4 of these

45
Q

Palmar Interossei

A

Function: adduction
Innervation: ulnar nerve
*we have 3 of these

46
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Function: resist gravity. extend and laterally rotate hip joint
Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve
Origin: sacroiliac and sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: proximal surface of femur and forms IT tract
*mainly attached to fascia nad ligament

47
Q

Gluteus Medius and Minimus

A 
Function: abduct and medially rotate thigh
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve 
Origin: wing of ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter
*keeps pelvis stable during normal gait
48
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A

Function: flexes and abducts thigh
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Origin: outside the ASIS
Insertion: IT tract

49
Q

Piriformis

A

Function: Laterally rotates thigh
Innervation: L5, S1, and S5
Origin: anterior surface of lateral sacrum
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
*goes through greater sciatic foramen
*marks split of superior and inferior gluteal arteries

50
Q

Semitendenosus

A 
Function: extend thigh at hip joint and flex leg and knee
Innervation: tibial nerve 
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: interior medial tibia
*hamstring muscle
*goes through ischial tuberosity
51
Q

Semimembranosus

A 
Function: extend thigh at hip joint and flex leg at knee
Innervation: tibial nerve 
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial tibia
*hamstring muscle
52
Q

Biceps Femoris

A 
Function: extend thigh at hip joint and flex leg at knee
Innervation: 
long head - tibial nerve 
short head - common fibular nerve 
Origin: 
short head - lateral lip of linea aspera in femur
long head - Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: head of fibula
53
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Function: flexes thigh/trunk, advances lower limb during normal gait
Innervation: lumbar nerves and femoral nerve
Origin: psoas and iliacus
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

54
Q

Pectineus

A

Innervation: femoral and obturator nerves
Origin: superior ramus of pubis
Insertion: posterior surface of femur
*not super important

55
Q

Sartorius

A

Innervation: femoral nerve
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Upper medial tibia (behind knee joint)
*not super important

56
Q

Rectus Femoris

A 
Function: Extend leg and knee joint
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Origin: AIIS
Insertion: Patellar ligament to tibia
*crosses 2 joints (knee and hip)
57
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

Function: Extend leg and knee joint
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Origin: back of femur (linea aspera)
Insertion: patellar ligament to tibia

58
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

Function: Extend leg and knee joint
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Origin: linea aspera
Insertion: patellar ligament to tibia

59
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

Function: Extend leg and knee joint
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Origin: shaft of femur
Insertion: patellar ligament to tibia

60
Q

Adductor Longus

A

Function: adducts thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve (superficial branch)
Origin: near pubic symphysis
Insertion: med back of femur

61
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

Function: adducts thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve (superficial branch)
Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubic bone
Insertion: higher back of femur
*deep to adductor longus

62
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

Function: adducts and flexes thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve (deep branch). Hamstring part innervated by tibial nerve
Origin: inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus
Insertion: femoral gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, and medial condyle of femur

63
Q

Gracilis

A

Function: adducts thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve
Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: superior/medial surface of tibia

64
Q

Obturator Externus

A

Function: laterally rotate thigh, stead femoral head
Innervation: obturator nerve
Origin: obturator foramen/membrane
Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur

65
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Function: dorsiflexion of foot
Innervation: common fibular nerve (deep branch)
*most important muscle of the anterior compartment

66
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Function: dorsiflexion of foot
Innervation: common fibular nerve (deep branch)
*anterior compartment

67
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Function: dorsiflexion of foot
Innervation: common fibular nerve (deep branch)
*anterior compartment

68
Q

Fibularis Tertius

A

Function: dorsiflexion of foot
Innervation: common fibular nerve (deep branch)
*anterior compartment - not everyone has one of these

69
Q

Fibularis Longus

A

Function: everters during standing and gait
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve
Insertion: base of 5th metatarsal
*lateral compartment

70
Q

Fibularis Brevis

A

Function: everters during standing and gait
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve
Insertion: base of 5th metatarsal
*lateral compartment

71
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Function: flex the foot at the ankle joint
Innervation: tibial nerve
Origin: lateral condyle of femur
Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus
*superficial posterior compartment

72
Q

Soleus

A 
Function: flex the foot at ankle joint
Innervation: tibial nerve
Origin: posterior head of fibula
Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus
*superficial posterior compartment
73
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A 
Function: flex 4 non-big toes
Innervation: tibial nerve
Origin: back of fibula
Insertion: bases of distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes
*deep posterior compartment
74
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

Function: chief inverter
Innervation: tibial nerve
Origin: posterior to interosseous membrane
Insertion:
*deep posterior compartment b/w 2 bones and interosseous membrane, so swelling and bleeding can lead to significant complications

Musculoskeletal Extras (3 decks)

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