levels of structural system Flashcards
is the maintenance of internal environment
Homeostasis
Homeostatic imbalances – disturbances in homeostasis can lead to
disease or death if uncorrected
Body’s internal environment – result of a wide range of coordinated processes or variables, including
temperature, chemical composition of blood and other body fluids, and many others
To prevent imbalance, most variables are ? maintained within a narrow range, close to a normal value
controlled (regulated) variables;
increases and reinforces initial stimulus
Positive feedback loops
Example of positive feedback loops with uterine contractions
When uterine contractions begin at childbirth, a positive feedback loop is activated so that uterine contractions increase to expel the baby.
return variable to its normal value
negative feedback loop
example of negative feedback loop with temp and muscle contractions
when body temperature decreases, muscle contraction is stimulated to produce heat and bring body temperature back to homeostasis
Anatomical Position is
Body is standing upright; feet are shoulder width apart, with upper limbs at sides of trunk and head and palms facing forward
Define frontal plane (coronal plane):
divides body or body part into anterior and posterior sections
Define transverse plane (horizontal plane):
divides body or body part into superior and inferior sections
Define sagittal plane:
divides body or body part into right and left sections
Superior refers to
toward head
inferior (caudal) refers to
toward tail
Anterior refers to
front
