Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD2 Surgery and Anaesthesia > Muscle Relaxants and Reversal Agents > Flashcards

Muscle Relaxants and Reversal Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What doesn’t muscle relaxation ensure?

A

Unconsciousness
Amnesia
Analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are muscle relaxants used?

A

Make surgical field easier

Make airway management easier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome?

A

Autoimmune disorder
AutoAbs to receptors on presynaptic membrane at neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
Characterised by limb weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is myasthenia gravis?

A

Autoimmune disorder

AutoAbs to ACh receptors on post-synaptic membrane at NMJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are two classes of neuromuscular blocking agents?

A

Depolarising

Non-depolarising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents?

A

Very closely resemble ACh
Readily bind to AChRs > depolarise motor end plate
= ACh agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What phase block are depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents?

A

Phase I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents?

A

Bind ACh > don’t let motor end plate depolarise > no action potential
= ACh competitive antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the reaction to the different classes of neuromuscular blocking agents in conditions associated with chronic release of ACh?

A

More sensitive to depolarising agents

Less sensitive to non-depolarising agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the reaction to the different classes of neuromuscular blocking agents in conditions associated with chronically low levels of ACh?

A

Less sensitive to depolarising agents

More sensitive to non-depolarising agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of succinylcholine?

A

Short-acting

Short half-life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the adult dose for succinylcholine for intubation?

A

1-1.5 mg/kg, IV

Repeated small boluses/infusion can be used where short but intense paralysis needed for surgical procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the side effects of succinylcholine?

A 
Relatively safe
Risk of
- Hyperkalaemia
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Cardiac arrest in children with undiagnosed myopathies
Stimulates all ACh receptor
- Bradycardia
- SLUDGE syndrome
Malignant hyperthermia
Apnoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is SLUDGE syndrome?

A 
Acronym for symptoms due to activation of ACh receptors, thus activating PNS
S = salivation
L = lacrimation
U = urination
D = diarrhoea
G = gastrointestinal stress
E = emesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the drug class of rocuronium?

A

Non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is rocuronium used?

A

If can’t use succinylcholine

17
Q

What is the duration of rocuronium in comparison to succinylcholine?

A

Much longer duration of action

18
Q

What is the metabolism of rocuronium, and thus, what are the implications?

A

Eliminated primarily by liver > safe in renal failure, but not liver failure

19
Q

What is the drug class of atracurium?

A

Non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent

20
Q

What are the side effects of atracurium?

A 
Triggers histamine release
- Significant at doses >0.5 mg/kg
Hypotension and tachycardia
- Usually if dose >0.5 mg/kg
Bronchospasm
- Avoid in asthmatic patients
21
Q

What is the drug class of cisatracurium?

A

Non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent

22
Q

What is the dose for cisatracurium?

A

0.1-0.15 mg/kg

23
Q

What is the effect of cisatracurium on histamine release?

A

No effect

24
Q

What is the drug class of pancuronium?

A

Non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents

25
Q

What are the side effects of pancuronium?

A

HTN and tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Allergic reactions possible if hyper-sensitive to bromides

26
Q

How is rocuronium reversed?

A

ACh esterase inhibitor = sugammadex

27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sugammadex?

A

Block esterase > buildup of ACh > displaces drug

28
Q

What are the side effects of sugammadex?

A

Bradycardia

SLUDGE syndrome

29
Q

What is given to prevent SLUDGE syndrome?

A

Atropine

Glycopyrate

MD2 Surgery and Anaesthesia (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions