6.1.6 - Genetic inheritance

Question 1

Gamete

Answer 1

sex cell (in animals - sperm and egg)

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

Compact structure made up of DNA wrapped around proteins

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

Small section of DNA on a chromosome, coding for a particular sequence of amino acids, to make a specific protein

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

A form of a gene

Question 5

Dominant

Answer 5

An allele that is always expressed even if only one copy is present.

Question 6

Recessive

Answer 6

An allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele

Question 7

Homozygous

Answer 7

The two alleles coding for a trait are the same

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

The two alleles coding for a trait are different

Question 9

genotype

Answer 9

The combination of alleles

Question 10

phenotype

Answer 10

The characteristics expressed as a result of the genotype.

Question 11

True or false? Characteristics cannot be controlled by a single gene.

Answer 11

False
Some characteristics are controlled by a single gene e.g. fur colour in mice and red and green colour blindness in humans. Each gene may have different forms called alleles.

Question 12

True or false, most characteristics are a result of multiple gees interacting, rather than a single gene.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or false: Most phenotype features are the result of a single gene rather than the inheritance of multiple genes.

Answer 13

False
Most phenotype features are the result of multiple genes rather than single gene inheritance.