Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USMLE Step 1 > Pharmacology -- Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Pharmacology -- Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Primaquine

A

Malaria prophylaxis

Used for extraerythrocytic forms Plasmodium vivax or P. ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Quinolone derivative
Both gam + and - coverage
Disrupts DNA gyrases: topo II and IV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tetracyclines, anuria and “the exception”

A

Tetracyclines contraindicated in anuric pt. due to production of (-)Nitrogen balance and Inc BUN levels.
Doxycycline is the exception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd gen cephalosporin
DOC for bacterial meningitis in kids (e.g. HiB)
one dose tx for gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hepatic coma DOC

A

Neomycin (aminoglycoside)– supresses normal flora= Dec NH4 prod.= Dec free nitrogen levels in blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clavulanic acid

A

Irreversible inhibitor of Beta-lactamases, but not transpeptidase
combined w beta-lac sensitive penicillins
usually amoxacillin (Augmentin) or ticercillin (Timentin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Piperacillin

A

Tx: Pseudomonas & Klebsiella
Broad spec Abx, ureidopenicillin
usually combined w/ tazobactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Streptomycin

A

Tx: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

-aminoglycoside – protein synth inhib by bind to 30 s subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Isoniazid

A

Most commonly used drug for TB
Usually combined w Rifampin and/or Ethambutol
Pre-tx w pyridoxine (Vit B6) can prevent peripheral neuritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate

A

Tx: Hookworm
Depolarizing NMJ inhibitor–causing sudden contraction, followed by paralysis, of helminths. worm to “lose its grip” on intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Buy “AT” 30, “CELL” at 50

A 
A=aminoglycosides
T=tetracyclines
30= 30S ribosomal subunit
C=chloramphenicol
E= Erythromycin (macrolide)
L= clindamycin
L= lincomycin
50=50S subunit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cefotoxin

A

Tx: intraabdominal infections (e.g. w Bacteroides fragilis)

Tradition tx has ben clindamycin & gentamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Broad spec Abx
Bone marrow suppression (common)- aplastic anemia (rare)
Gray baby syndrome (choram. can’t be conjugated)
DOC Typhoid fever (symptomatic salmonella infect.)
DOC HiB meningitis in kids– esp. strain resistant to ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nifurtimox

A

Tx: trypanosomiasis

an antiparasitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metronidazole

A

Tx: Leishmaniasis & Amebiasis
God for anaerobic bacteria e.g. B. fragilis, C. Diff
DOC Trichomoniasis
DOC Giardia lambia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Txt P. Carinii

A

TMP-SMX & Pentamidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tetracycline

A

Tx: Brucellosis & Cholera, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, spirochete infections like Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferia)
-30S protein synth inhibition

18
Q

TMP-SMX

A

Anti-dyhydrofolate reductase activity
sulfonamide abx combo– inhibit successive steps in folate synth
trade: bactrim

19
Q

Benzathine Penicillin G

A

Long duration of action…given every 3-4 weeks for tx of syphilis

20
Q

Praziquantel

A

Tx: schistosomiasis (flukes/trematodes)

21
Q

Melarsoprol

A

Tx trypanosomiasis w/ neurological sx

i.e. when “sleeping sickness” signs have already started

22
Q

Stibogluconate

A

Tx: Leishmaniasis

23
Q

Fluconazole

A

Tx: fungal encephalitis
mech: inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme 14α-demethylase
block conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol

24
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Ployene antifungal… binds ergosterol

“ampho-terrible” …severe side effects

25
Q

Ketoconazole MOA

A

Inhibits fungal ergosterol synth= disrupts membrane

26
Q

Griseofulvin MOA

A

accumulates in keratinized layers of skin= used in dermatomycoses infections

27
Q

Mefloquine

A

Anti-malarial

Tx: chloroquine resistant strains= P. falciparum

28
Q

Chloroquine

A

tx: malaria when inside RBC

29
Q

Nifurtimox

A

DOC Chagas disease due to T. cruzi

30
Q

Erythromycin

A

Used in pt.s allergic to penicillin

Macrolide- blocks aminoacyl translocation, prevents tRNA from moving from A–P site at the A site of rRNA complex

31
Q

Nystatin

A

Topical tx of superficial mycotic infection, e.g. candidiasis

32
Q

Acyclovir

A

Guinine analog

Tx: Herpes infections (HSV1, 2, VZV, EBV)

33
Q

Imipenem

A

Carbapenem–Broad spec beta-lactam Abx
Used w Cilastatin
Can cause seizures

34
Q

Cefoperazone side effects

A

Bleeding due to vit K level alterations
contraindicated in pts w/ bleeding d/os
(third gen cephalosporin)

35
Q

Vancomycin

A

Used for MRSA

“red neck” due to histamine release –> facial flushing

36
Q

Meropenem

A

Use w/ cilastatins

Doesn’t cause seizures (unlike Imipenem)

37
Q

Nafcillin

A

Only penicillin that does not need dose adjustment in renal impairment

38
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Seen w use of: metronidazole, isoniazid, vincristine, ddI, AZT, allopurinol (gout tx)

39
Q

Sulfonamides & newborns

A

Kernicterus can occur (neuro)

40
Q

“O.N.E.” for gonorrhea

A

Fluroquinolones used in a one dose deal for gonorrhea:
O= Oflaxacin
N= Norfloxacin
E= Enoxacin

41
Q

Ribavirin

A

Tx RSV

USMLE Step 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions