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Applied Kinesiology Flash Cards > Session 1 Muscles > Flashcards

Session 1 Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Organ,

Meridian,

Chapman (neurolymphatic reflex)

Neurovascular Reflex

Nutrition

for the Pectoralis Major Sternal?

A
  • Organ:* Liver
  • Meridian:* Liver
  • Anterior NL:* 5th ICS from mammilary line to sternum on Right, occasionally on the left.
  • Posterior NL* : between T5-T6 near lamina on the right.
  • NV:* 1.5 inches posterior to frontal bone eminence
  • Nutrition:* vitamina A, bile salts
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2
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the

Pectoralis Major Sternal?

A

Origin: Arises from the lateral aspect of the sternum, cartilages of the second to the 7th ribs and by aponeurosis to the external abdominal oblique and the rectus abdominus muscle.

Insertion: Into the crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus along the lateral lip of the bicipital groove.

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3
Q

What is the action of the Pectoralis Major Sternal?

A

It flexes the shoulder joint.

Adducts the humerus across the chest so that the arm is brought towards the opposite anterior superior iliac spine.

It also assists in flexion of the humerus.

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4
Q

What is the nerve supply of the

Pectorals Major Sternal?

A

Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerve

C6, C7, C8 and T1

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5
Q

What muscles are synergist to the

Pectoralis Major Sternal?

A

Humerus Adduction: PMC, pectoralis minor, trees major, trees minor, anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid.

Shoulder Depression: Latissimus dorsi, lower trapezius.

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6
Q

What are the antagonists to the

Pectoralis Major Sternal?

A

Humerus Adduction: Deltoid, supraspinatus.

Shoulder Depression: Upper trapezius.

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7
Q

What are the signs of Inhibition of the

Pectoralis Major Sternal?

A

Retraction of the scapula.

The shoulder will appear to be posterior and slightly superior relative to the trunk.

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8
Q

What are the Organ,

Meridian,

Chapman (neurolymphatic reflex)

Neurovascular Reflex

Nutrition

for the Pectoralis Major Clavicular?

A
  • Organ:* stomach
  • Meridian:* stomach
  • NL Anterior:* 6th intercostal space from mamillary line to sternum on the left.
  • NL Posterior:* between T6-T7 near lamina on the left.
  • NV:* bilateral frontal bone eminence
  • Nutrition:* vitamin B, zinc, chlorophyll
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9
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the

Pectoralis Major Clavicluar?

A

Origin: arises from the medial half of the anterior surface of the clavicle.

Insertion: Into the crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus along the lateral lip of the bicipital groove.

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10
Q

The Action of the Pectoralis Major Clavicluar is?

A

Flexes the shoulder joint.

Drasws the humerus across the chest.

Assists in flexion of the humerus.

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11
Q

The Nerve Supply of the

Pectoralis Major Clavicular is?

A

Lateral Pectoral Nerve

C5, C6 and C7

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12
Q

Synergists to Pectoralis Major Clavicular are?

A

Humerus Adduction: pectoralis sternal, pectoralis minor, teres major, teres minor, anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid.

Shoulder Flexion: anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, subclavius.

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13
Q

Antagonists to the Pectoralis Major Clavicular are?

A

Clavicle Motion: posterior deltoid, middle trapezius

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14
Q

What are the signs of Inhibition of the

Pectoralis Major Clavicular?

A

Retraction of the scapula.

The shoulder appears to be posterior.

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15
Q

What are the

Organ

Meridian

Chapman (neurolymphatic reflex)

Neurovascular Reflex

Nutrition

for the Latissimus Dorsi?

A
  • Organ:* Pancreas
  • Meridian:* Spleen
  • NL Anterior:* 7th Intercostal space on the left at rib cartilage junction
  • NL Posterior:* between T7-T8 at lamina on the left
  • NV:* posterior to external auditory meatus superior to temporal suture
  • Nutrition:* Vitsmin A, Vitamin F, Betaine HCl, pancreas protomorphogen, zinc, liver chelate, trace minerals, B12, selenium
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16
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the

Latissimus Dorsi?

A

Origin: arises from the crest of the olium, the scarum, the lumbar vertebrae and the lower six thoracic vertebrae. It also arises from the last 3 or 4 ribs.

Insertion: along with the fibres of the teres major and the pectoralis into the intertubercular groove of the humerus.

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17
Q

What is the Action of the Latissimus Dorsi?

A

Depresses the shoulder and extends the humerus.

Contraction of the latissimus will also adduct and aid in internal rotation of the humerus.

The upper fibres of the muscle will retract the scapula.

Bilateral contraction of the muscle causes extension of the thoracic spine.

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18
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Latissimus Dorsi?

A

ThoracoDorsal Nerve from Brachial Plexus

C6, C7 & C8

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19
Q

Synergists to the Latissimus Dorsi are?

A

Humerus Adduction: teres major, long head of triceps.

Scapula Depression: lower trapezius, abdominal external oblique.

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20
Q

Antagonists to the Latissimus Dorsi are?

A

Humerus Adduction: supraspinatus, deltoids.

Scapula Depression: upper trapezius, levator scapulae.

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21
Q

What are the signs of Inhibition of the

Latissimus Dorsi?

A

In standing posture, the shoulder will appear to be elevated and rotated anterior on the side of weakness

Bilateral weakness will contribute to an increased kyphotic curve of the thoracic spine.

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22
Q

What are the Organ,

Meridian,

Chapman (neurolymphatic reflex)

Neurovascular Reflex

Nutrition

for the Piriformis?

A
  • Organ:* Reproductive Organs
  • Meridian:* Circulation Sex
  • NL Anterior:* Upper Symphasis Pubis
  • NL Posterior:* Between L5 spinous and PSIS
  • NV:* Posterior Parietal Eminence
  • Nutrition:* Vitamin E, male/female organ;gland concentrate or nucleoprotein extract, saw palmetto
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23
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Piriformis?

A

Origin: Arises from the anterior surface of the sacrum from between the first and second sacral foramina to between the third and fourth sacral foramina, the sacroiliac joint capsule and the sacrospinous ligament.

Insertion: Inserts into the medial, superior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur.

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24
Q

What is the Action of the Piriformis?

A

Controls pelvic rotation on heel strike and during the initial stages of stance.

It aids in stabilizing the femur head in the acetabulum.

It functions as a lateral rotator of the femur when the femur is flexed less than 90 degrees.

Above 90 degrees, the muscle changes to a medial rotator. The lower fibers cause anterior movement of the ipsilat-eral sacral base and posterior motion of the sacral apex.

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25
Q

What is the Nerve supply of the Piriformis?

A

Sacral Plexus

L5, S1 and S2

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26
Q

Synergists to the Piriformis are?

A

Thigh Lateral Rotation: Gluteus maximus, long head of the Biceps femoris, posterior fibers of the gluteus medius, sartorius and psoas.

Sacroiliac Stability:Gluteus Maximus

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27
Q

Antagonists to the Piriformis are?

A

Thigh Lateral Rotation: Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, Tensor fascia lata,
pectineus, anterior fibers of the gluteus medius, adductor longus and adductor medius.

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28
Q

What are the signs of inhibition of the Piriformis?

A

Medial rotation of the femur, this is especially evident when observing the patient walking. The patella will be rotated during the swing phase of gait. Depending on the function of other thigh rotators this same rotation will be present in the standing posture.

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29
Q

What are the Organ,

Meridian,

Chapman (neurolymphatic reflex)

Neurovascular Reflex

Nutrition

for the Teres Minor?

A
  • Organ:* Thyroid
  • Meridian:* Triple Heater
  • NL Anterior:* 2nd Intercostal Space near the sternum
  • NL Posterior:* T2-T3 between TVPs
  • NV:* Bregma
  • Nutrition:* Vitamin E, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, L-Carnitine
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30
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Teres Minor?

A

Origin: Arises from the medial one third of the axillary border of the scapula on the dorsal surface.

Insertion: Into the most inferior aspect of the greater tuberosity of the humerus.

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31
Q

What is the Action of the Teres Minor?

A

Contraction of the Teres Minor causes external rotation of the humerus in the glenoid cavity.

The muscle also aids in the stabilization of the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity. In this regard, the muscle contracts throughout the stages of arm.

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32
Q

What is the Nerve supply of the Teres Minor?

A

Axillary Nerve

C4, C5, C6

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33
Q

Synergists to the Teres Minor are?

A

Humeral Stabilization: Infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscapularis (rotator cuff)

External Rotation: Posterior deltoid, infraspinatus
Adduction: Subscapularis, teres major, latissimus

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34
Q

Antagonists to the Teres Minor are?

A

External Rotation: Subscapularis, Teres Major

35
Q

What are the signs of Inhibition of the Teres Minor?

A

When viewed from the posterior, the arm will be internally rotated and the palm will face posterior

36
Q

What are the Organ,

Meridian,

Chapman (neurolymphatic reflex)

Neurovascular Reflex

Nutrition

for the Hamtrings?

A
  • Organ:* Rectum
  • Meridian:* Large Intestine
  • NL Anterior:* Lesser trochanter of the femur
  • NL Posterior:* upper SI joint between L5 SP and PSIS
  • NV:* 1 inch above Lambda
  • Nutrition:* Vitamin E, if there is cramping consider betaine HCl or calcium
37
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Hamstrings?

A

Origin

  • *Semitendinosus:** To the ischial tuberosity.
  • *Semimembranosus:** Superior lateral surface ischial tuberosity.
  • *Lateral Hamstrings:** Biceps femoris long head to the ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament. The short head to the linea aspera, the lateral supracondyle of the femur and the lateral intermuscular septum.
  • Insertion*
  • *Semitendinosus:** Into the medial surface of the tibia.
  • *Semimembranosus:** Into the tibial medial condyle.
  • *Biceps Femoris:** Lateral fibula head and the lateral aspect of the tibia.
38
Q

The Action of the Hamstrings is?

A

When the leg is free to move, the hamstrings flex the knee and extend the thigh on the pelvis.

With the leg fixed, the hamstrings assist in maintaining erect posture while walking, and aid in the deceleration of the leg at the end of the swing phase of gait.

The medial hamstrings aid in medial rotation and the lateral in lateral rotation of the thigh.

39
Q

Nerve Supply of the Hamstrings?

A

L 4, L5 S1, S2

Tibial branch of the sciatic nerve except for the short head of the biceps femoris which is supplied by the peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve (L 5 S - 1 - 2).

40
Q

Synergists to the Hamstring are?

A

Thigh Extension: Gluteus maximus, posterior fibers of both the adductor magnus and the gluteus medius

Knee Flexion: Sartorius, gracilis, gastrocnemius

Medial Rotation: (Medial hamstrings) Popliteus, sartorius, gracilis

41
Q

Antagonists to the Hamstrings are?

A
  • Thigh Extension:* Rectus femoris, psoas, sartorius, TFL
  • Knee Flexion:* Quadriceps
  • Medial Rotation:* Lateral hamstrings
  • Lateral Rotation:* Medial hamstrings, Popliteus, sartorius, gracilis
42
Q

The Signs of Inhibition of the Hamstring are?

A

Imbalances in the medial or lateral heads of the hamstring will result in rotation of the thigh and tibia. This will result in either a genu valgus or varus stance.

General weakness of the hamstrings will cause lack of posterior support to the pelvis and result in an anterior rotation of the innominate. This will cause the appearance of a relatively high pelvis on the side of weakness.

43
Q

What are the Organ,

Meridian,

Chapman (neurolymphatic reflex)

Neurovascular Reflex

Nutrition

for the Serratus Anterior?

A
  • Organ:* Lung
  • Meridian:* Lung
  • NL Anterior:* 3rd, 4th & 5th intercostal space near the sternum
  • NL Posterior:* T3, T4, T5 laminae
  • NV:* Bregma
  • Nutrition:* lung concentrate or nucleoprotein extract, vitamin C
44
Q

The Origin and Insertion of the Serratus Anterior is?

A

Origin: arises from the lateral and superior surfaces of the upper 9 ribs

Insertion: inserts into the costal surface of the vertebral border of the scapula from the superior angle to the inferior angle,

45
Q

The Action of the Serratus Anterior is?

A

Stabilizes the scapula during flexion and abduction.

The lower fibers rotate the scapula around the glenoid fossa.

Contraction aids in protraction and elevation of the scapula and in keeping the medial border firmly against the chest wall as in doing a push-up.

46
Q

The Nerve supply of the Serratus Anterior is?

A

Long Thoracic Nerve

Upper Fibers C5

Middle Fibres C5 & C6

Lowest Fibres C6 & C7

47
Q

Synergists to Serratus Anterior are?

A
  • Scapula Protraction:* Pectoralis major and minor
  • Elevation:* Upper trapezius
48
Q

Antagonists to the Serratus Anterior are?

A
  • Scapula Protraction:* Rhomboid, middle trapezius horizontal fibers of latissimus
  • Elevation:* Vertical fibers of latissimus, pectoralis muscles
49
Q

The signs of Inhibition of the Serratus Anterior are?

A

Elevation of the shoulder during abduction of the arm.
The inferior angle of the scapula rotates under the axilla with flexion of the arm.
Winging of the scapula.
Acromioclavicular injuries.
Contraction, pain or ache in the upper trapezius.

50
Q

What are the Organ,

Meridian,

Chapman (neurolymphatic reflex)

Neurovascular Reflex

Nutrition

for the Quadriceps?

A
  • Organ:* Samll Intestine
  • Meridian:* Small Intestine
  • NL Anterior:* costochondral junction of 8th to 11th ribs
  • NL Posterior:* T8-T11 laminae
  • NV:* parietal eminence posterior aspect
  • Nutrition: vitamin D, vitamin B complex, small intestine nucleoprotien or extract*
51
Q

The Origin and Insertion of the Quadriceps is?

A

Origin:

Striaght Head: from Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Reflected Head: from the groove on the upper brim of the acetabulum

Insertion: upper border of the patella by the superior patellar ligament via the patella into the tibial tubercle

52
Q

The Action of the Quadriceps is?

A

Extends the leg and flexes then thigh.

The medial and lateral sections support the knee on the lateral and medial aspects.

53
Q

The Nerve Supply of the Quadriceps is?

A

Femoral Nerve

L2, L3, L4

54
Q

Synergists to the Quadrieps are?

A

Tibia Extension: Vastus Muscle group

55
Q

Antagonists to the Quadrieps are?

A

Tibia Extension: Hamstrings, Gastrocnemius

56
Q

What are the signs of Inhibition of the Quadriceps?

A

Abnormal position or motion of the patella in either the standing posture or during flexion and extension of the knee. If the examiner places his/her hands over the patella and instructs the subject to bend the knees, imbalances in the motion of the patella is easy to palpate.

57
Q

What are the Organ,

Meridian,

Chapman (neurolymphatic reflex)

Neurovascular Reflex

Nutrition

for the Subscapularis?

A
  • Organ:* Heart
  • Meridian:* Heart
  • NL Anterior:* 2nd intercostal space near the sternum
  • NL Posterior:* T2-T3 between the TVPs
  • NV:* Bregma
  • Nutrition:* Heart concentrate or nucleoprotein extract, vitamin E, B complex, vitamin C
58
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Subscapularis?

A

Origin: subscapular fossa

Insertion: lesser tuberosity of the humerus and capsule of the shoulder joint

59
Q

The Action of the Subscapularis is?

A

Medially rotates the humerus.

Draws the head of the humerus forward and down when the arm is raised acting as part of the force cople of shoulder abduction.

60
Q

The Nerve Supply of the Subscapularis is?

A

Upper and lower scapular nerve

C5, C6

61
Q

Synergists to the Subscapularis are?

A
  • Humerus adduction:* Pectoralis major, teres major
  • Internal rotation:* Latissimus, pectoralis, teres major
62
Q

Antagonists to the Subscapularis are?

A
  • Humerus Adduction:* Deltoid, supraspinatus
  • Internal Rotation:* Teres minor, infraspinatus
63
Q

What are the signs of inhibition of the Subsacpularis?

A

In the standing posture, it is one of the muscles that can cause the arm to rotate so that the palm is facing forward.

64
Q

What are the Organ,

Meridian,

Chapman (neurolymphatic reflex)

Neurovascular Reflex

Nutrition

for the Popliteus?

A
  • Organ:* GallBladder
  • Meridian:* GallBladder
  • NL Anterior:* 5th intercostal space from midmamillary line to the sternum on the right
  • NL Posterior:* between T5-T6 laminae on the right
  • NV:* medial aspect of the knee on the meniscus
  • Nutrition:* vitamin A
65
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of Popliteus?

A

Origin: lateral condyle of the femur, posterior horn of the lateral meniscus, fibular head

Insertion: triangular area of the posterior surface of the tibia above the soleal line

66
Q

The Action of the Popliteus is?

A

Rotates the tibia medially on the femur or the femur laterally on the tibia, depending on the one fixed. Withdraws the meniscus during flexion and provides rotatory stability to the femur on the tibia.

Brings the knee out of the “screw home” position out of full extension.

Helps with posterior stability of the knee.

67
Q

The Nerve Supply of the Popliteus is?

A

Tibial Nerve

L4, L5, S1

68
Q

Synergists to the Popliteus are?

A
  • Medial Rotation:* Medial hamstrings
  • Knee Flexion:* Hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius, gastrocnemius
69
Q

Antagonists to the Poplitues are?

A
  • Medial Rotation:* Lateral hamstrings
  • Knee Flexion:* Quadriceps
70
Q

What are the signs of Inhibition of the Popliteus?

A

The subject will stand with the knee in hyperextension or with the knee flexed.

There is tenderness behind the knee in the popliteal space.
Testing shows inhibition of the rectus femoris or of the vastus muscles.

71
Q

What are the Organ,

Meridian,

Chapman (neurolymphatic reflex)

Neurovascular Reflex

Nutrition

for the Peroneus Longus and Brevis?

A
  • Organ:* Urinary Baldder
  • Meridian:* Bladder
  • NL Anterior:* Inferior Symphasis Pubis
  • NL Posterior:* between PSIS and L5 Spinous process
  • NV:* Bilateral Frontal Bonme Eminences
  • Nutrition:* Calcium, Vit B complex, avoid oxalic acid foods
72
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the

Peroneus Longus and Brevis?

A

Peroneus Brevis

Origin: lower 2/3 of fibula on the lateral side and adjacent intermuscular septa

Insertion: lateral side proximal end of 5th metatarsal

Peroneu Longus:

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, head and upper 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula, intermuscular fascia and adjacent fascia

Insertion: proximal end of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform on their lateral portions

73
Q

The Action of the Peroneus Longus and Brevis is?

A

Peroneus Brevis: plantar flexes the foot and everts it. Gives lateral stability to the ankle.

Peroneus Longis: plantar flexes the foot and everts it. Gives lateral stability to the ankle.

74
Q

The Nerve Supply of the

Peroneus Longus and Brevis Is?

A

Peroneal Nerve

L4, L5, S1

75
Q

Synergists to the Peroneus Longus and Brevis are?

A
  • Eversion:* Peroneus tertius
  • Plantar flexion:* Gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior
76
Q

Antagonists to the Peroneus Longus and Brevis are?

A
  • Eversion:* Peroneus tertius
  • Plantar Flexion:* Gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior
77
Q

What are the signs of Inhibition of the

Peroneus Longus and Brevis?

A

Adduction (toe in) walking.
Loss of lateral stability when the weight shifts forward over the foot at the initiation of the walking process.
Excess inversion of the foot during the swing phase of gait.

78
Q

What are the Organ,

Meridian,

Chapman (neurolymphatic reflex)

Neurovascular Reflex

Nutrition

for the Psoas?

A
  • Organ:* Kidney
  • Meridian:* Kidney
  • NL Anterior:* 1 inch superior and 1 inch lateral to the umbilicus
  • NL Posterior:* Intertransverse space between T12-L1
  • NV:* inferior to the mid-section of the lambdoidal suture on the occiput
  • Nutrition:* may be inhibited due to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance - will usually be inhibited bilaterally. Other deficiencies are Vitmain A + E
79
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the

the Psoas?

A

Origin: anyterior surface of TVPs, lateral border of vertebral bodies and IVDs of T12-L5

Insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur with the ilicus

80
Q

The Action of the Psoas Is?

A

Flexion of the Femur

Standing - Flexes the lumbar spine

When normal lordosis is present it assists in

lumbar flexion in the standing position

81
Q

The Nerve Supply of the Psoas Is?

A

Lumbar plexus

L1, L2 ,L3, L34

82
Q

Synergists to the Psoas are?

A

Synergists: Iliacus to which the psoas is attached

Thigh Flexion: Rectus Femoris, pectineus, Tensor Fascia Lata, Gracilis, Adductor Brevis, Longus & Anterior portion of the Magnus.

Lumbar Flexion: opposite Psoas, Rectus Abdominus

Lumbar Extension: Quadratus Lumborum, Erector Spinae

83
Q

Antagonists to the Psoas Are?

A

Antagonists:

Thigh Flexion: Gluteus Maximus, Hamstrings, Adductor Magnus (posterior)

Lumbar Flexion: Quadratus Lumborum, Erector Spinae

84
Q

The Signs of PSOAS Inhibition Are?

A
  • Short stride* - The weakness will produce an exaggerated lower leg kick when walking or a lateral rotation of the pelvis as the oblique abdominals pull the pelvis anterior.
  • Ipsilateral weakness* - lumbar scoliosis
  • Bilateral weakness* - lumbar hypo-lordosi

Applied Kinesiology Flash Cards (15 decks)

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