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PHAR 7217 > Antibiotics August 28, 2017 > Flashcards

Antibiotics August 28, 2017 Flashcards

1
Q

nitrofurantoin

A

Macrodantin, Macrobid

antibacterial

bacterial infection

inhibition of Acetyl Coenzyme A (interferes with metabolism of carbohydrates in bacteria)

diarrhea, fever, chills

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2
Q

metronidazole

A

Flagyl

antibacterial/antiprotozoal

bacterial infection

bind to DNA causing DNA strand breakage and death

seizures, neuropathy

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3
Q

sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim

A

Bactrim, Septra

antibiotic

bacterial infection

trimethoprim - blocks tetrahydrofolic acid (inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase)
sulfamethoxazole - inhibits dihydrofolic acid by competitive antagonism of para-aminobenzoic acid

diarrhea, rash

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4
Q

mupirocin (topical)

A

Bactroban

antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to bacterial isoleucyl transfer RNA synthetase

burning, stinging, pain

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5
Q

amoxicillin trihydrate

A

Amoxil, Moxatag, Trimox

antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme

diarrhea, rash

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6
Q

amoxicillin with clavulanate potassium

A

Augmentin (XR)

antibiotic

bacterial infection

amoxicillin - inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme
clavulanate - binds to active sites of betalactamase enzymes (protecting amoxicillin)

diarrhea, rash

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7
Q

penicillin V potassium

A

Veetids, Pen-Vee K, V-Cillin

antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme

hives, rash

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8
Q

clarithromycin

A

Biaxin (XL)

antibiotic

bacterial infection

binds to 50S ribosome and suppresses protein synthesis

diarrhea

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9
Q

azithromycin

A

Zithromax, Zmax

macrolide antibiotic

bacterial infection

binds to 50S ribosome and suppresses protein synthesis

diarrhea

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10
Q

cefuroxime axetil

A

Ceftin

cephalosporin antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme

diarrhea, rash, hives, itching

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11
Q

cephalexin

A

Keflex

cephalosporin antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme

diarrhea, rash, hives, itching

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12
Q

cefdinir

A

Omnicef

cephalosporin antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme

diarrhea, vaginal moniliasis

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13
Q

cefprozil

A

Cefzil

cephalosporin antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme

diarrhea, rash

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14
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

Cipro (XR)

fluoroquinolone antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits synthesis of bacterial DNA by interfering with enzyme DNA gyrase

diarrhea, sun sensivity, rash

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15
Q

levofloxacin

A

Levaquin

fluoroquinolone antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits synthesis of bacterial DNA by interfering with enzyme DNA gyrase

diarrhea, taste perversion, tendinitis and tendon rupture

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16
Q

ofloxacin ophthalmic

A

Ocuflox

fluoroquinolone antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits synthesis of bacterial DNA by interfering with enzyme DNA gyrase

eye problems, blurry vision

17
Q

minocycline hydrochloride

A

Minocin

tetracycline antibiotic

bacterial infection

blocks protein synthesis by competitively binding to 30S ribosome

burning stomach, teeth discoloration, sore tongue

18
Q

doxycycline hyclate

A

Vibramycin, Doryx

tetracycline antibiotic

bacterial infection

blocks protein synthesis by competitively binding to 30S ribosome

sunlight sensitivity, teeth discoloration, sore tongue

19
Q

clindamycin (oral)

A

Cleocin

Antibiotic

Infection (Bacterial)

Binds to 50S ribosome and suppresses protein synthesis

severe diarrhea, muscle pain, rash

20
Q

oseltamivir

A

Tamiflu

Antiviral

Infection (Viral)

Inhibition of influenza virus neuraminidase and alteration of virus particle aggregation and release

Seizures, confusion, abnormal behavior

21
Q

valacyclovir

A

Valtrex

Antiviral

Infection (Viral)

interferes with HSV DNA polymerase and inhibits viral DNA replication

creatine elevations, rash, hives, topical issues, etc.

22
Q

acyclovir

A

Zovirax

Antiviral

Infection (Viral)

interferes with HSV DNA polymerase and inhibits viral DNA replication

N/V/H, abdominal pain

23
Q

fluconazole

A

Diflucan

Antifungal

Infection (Fungal)

Cytochrome P450 sterol (C14 Alpha Demethylation) Inhibitor

abdominal pain, Diarrhea, taste perversion

24
Q

ketoconazole

A

Nizoral

Antifungal

Infection (Fungal)

Impairs synthesis of ergosterol (fungal membranes), allowing increased permeability and leakage of cellular components

N/V, Severe Irritation

25
Q

nystatin (topical powder/oral suspension)

A

Nystop

Antifungal

Infection(Fungal)

Antimycotic, Binding to sterols in cell membrane, changing membrane permeability

Topical AE-burning, itching, rash.
Oral AE-Diarrhea, GI Distress

26
Q

terbinafine

A

Lamisil

Antifungal

Infection(Fungal)

Inhibits squalene epoxidase (involved in sterol synthesis in fungi)

Diarrhea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia

27
Q

emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, cobicstat, and elvitegravir

A

Stribild

antiviral

viral infection

combination activity, interferes with HIV-1 DNA/RT/integrase

lactic acidosis, insomnia, abnormal dreams

28
Q

hydroxychloroquine

A

Plaquenil

Rheumatoid Arthritis Agent/AntiMalarial

Malaria

Unknown (may raise certain pH)

Visual disturbances, blood dyscrasias

29
Q

clotrimazole with betamethasone

A

Lotrisone

Topical Anti inflammatory/Anti fungal

Infection(Fungal)/Inflammation

Increase membrane permeability (permeating the chitin of the fungal cell wall).

Stinging, erythema, irritation of the skin

30
Q

chlorhexidine

A

Peridex , Periogard

Antiplaque Rinse

Mouth Wash, Mouth Cleaning before surgery/apt

Disruption of plasma membrane of bacterial cell

Alteration of taste, mouth irritation, staining

PHAR 7217 (10 decks)

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