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Psych Assess. Ind Diff > Week 6: Psych Assessment/Post-Freudian > Flashcards

Week 6: Psych Assessment/Post-Freudian Flashcards

1
Q

What caused a rift between Freud and Jung?

A

Jung’s psychology of the unconscious - each were unable to admit the other could be wrong

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2
Q

What is the collective unconscious?

A

Reservoir of our experiences as a species, a kind of knowledge with which we are all born

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3
Q

What does the collective unconscious contain?

A
  • memories
  • ideas
  • emotions inherited from our ancestors
  • archetypes
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4
Q

What are archetypes?

A

Forms or symbols that are manifested by all people in all cultures

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5
Q

List some examples of collective unconscious

A
  • experiences of love at first sight
  • deja vu
  • creative experiences
  • near death experience
  • parallels in dreams, fantasies, mythologies and literature
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6
Q

What are archetypal behaviours?

A

Typical, eternally repeated behaviours among human beings

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7
Q

What are the four main archetypes?

A
  • the self
  • the persona
  • the anima and animus
  • the shadow
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8
Q

Describe the self

A

The archetype that represents the transcendence of all opposites, so that every aspect of personality is expressed equally. The goal of life is to realise the self.

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9
Q

Describe the persona

A
  • the mask you put on before you show yourself to the world

- your public image

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10
Q

When can problems occur between the persona and the self?

A

When there is disconcordance between them - when our persona differs too much from our self - psychopathology like anxiety or depression can occur

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11
Q

What is meant by anima/animus?

A
  • we are initially neither male or female

- society gradually moulds us into either

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12
Q

Anima

A

Female aspect in the collective unconscious of men

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13
Q

Animus

A

Male aspect in the collective unconscious of women

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14
Q

Describe the shadow

A
  • from our prehuman, animal past
  • dark side of the ego and the evil we are capable of; contains animal urges
  • can be a source of creativity
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15
Q

List some other archetypes

A
  • father and child
  • the hero
  • faithful animal
  • trickster
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16
Q

Describe the mother archetype

A

Our ability to recognise the relationship of mothering; if our own mother failed to meet the demands of the archetype, it may be that they spend time in the church, ocean, motherland, or meditating with mary

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17
Q

When did Jung say major personality changes take place?

A

Between the ages of 35 and 40

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18
Q

How does personality develop in the first half of life?

A

We focus on the objective world

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19
Q

How does personality develop in the second half of life?

A

We focus on fulfilling our capacities

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20
Q

What is meant by individuation?

A

Becoming a whole being: the need to integrate the contents of the unconscious with the conscious mind

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21
Q

What were Jung’s main tools for assessment and therapy?

A

Free association, world association and dream analysis

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22
Q

What is free association?

A

Saying whatever comes to mind

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23
Q

What is word association?

A

Saying the first thing that comes to mind when you hear a specific word

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24
Q

What is dream analysis?

A

Interpreting dreams, looking for symbolism, etc

25
Q

What are Jung’s psychological types?

A
  • introverted vs. extroverted
  • thinking vs. feeling
  • intuition vs. sensation
26
Q

Describe someone who is extroverted (Jung)

A
  • focus on external world
  • external activities and social involvement
  • more energised when around people
  • don’t like spending too much time alone
27
Q

Describe someone who is introverted (Jung)

A
  • focus on inner, subjective world
  • more interested in thinking and reflecting
  • dreamer
  • reading & ideas
28
Q

Describe a thinking person (Jung)

A

Intellectual cognition, forms logical conclusions, conscious calculation, reason, rational processes

29
Q

Describe a feeling person (Jung)

A

Subjective, emotional evaluation, gut feelings, empathic

30
Q

Describe someone driven by intuition (Jung)

A

Unconscious drives, abstract, theoretical, future orientated, trust insight, more subjective

31
Q

Describe someone driven by sensation (Jung)

A

How we sense the world, through our senses, how we know something exists, information that is tangible

32
Q

How many personality combinations did Jung come up with?

A

8

33
Q

What are some criticisms of Jung’s personality types?

A
  • based on clinical observation
  • introspection
  • anecdote
  • hypothetical theory and difficult to verify
34
Q

List some ways of evaluating personality

A
  • tests
  • interviews
  • observation
  • physiological recordings
  • intelligence tests
35
Q

What are the three common personality tests?

A
  • myers-briggs
  • MMPI
  • big 5
36
Q

Briefly describe some differences between Freud and Jung

A
  • different ideas about the libido and religion
  • Jung deemphasised sexual development and focused on the collective unconscious - Jung’s work = more mystical and scientific
  • Freud said complexes arise due to childhood traumas; Jung said that these come from the collective unconscious
37
Q

Briefly describe Jung’s theory of personality

A
  • symbolism and culture

- conscious relationship with unconscious forces

38
Q

Define individuation

A

Becoming a whole being; integrating the contents of the unconscious with the conscious mind

39
Q

Define reliability

A

The degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results

40
Q

Define test-retest reliability

A

Measure of stability obtained by administering the same test twice over a period of time to a group

41
Q

Define inter-rater reliability

A

Used to assess the degree to which raters differ in their decisions

42
Q

Define internal consistency

A

Used to evaluate the degree to which different test items that probe the same construct provide consistent results

43
Q

Define validity

A

How well a test measures what it is supposed to

44
Q

Define face validity

A

A measure appears to be assessing the intended construct under study

45
Q

Define construct validity

A

Does it measure what it is supposed to and not other variables?

46
Q

Define criterion validity?

A

Used to predict future or current performance and correlate test results with other criterions of interest

47
Q

What is the MBTI?

A

The Myers Briggs Trait Inventory is a self report questionnaire created by Katherine Cook Biggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs-Myers. It includes introversion and extroversion, sensing and intuition, thinking and feeling, and perceiving and judgement.

48
Q

Describe an introvert (MBTI)

A
  • expends energy through action
  • prefers to reflect before and after action
  • needs quiet time to rebuilt energy
  • thought oriented
  • seeks depth of knowledge
  • prefers substantial interaction
49
Q

Describe an extrovert (MBTI)

A
  • draws energy from action
  • motivation declines if inactive
  • needs breaks from reflection to rebuild energy
  • prefers frequent interaction
  • gets energy and recharges from being with people
50
Q

Describe a sensing person (MBTI)

A
  • more likely to trust tangible info
  • distrust hunches
  • prefer details and facts
  • meaning is in the data
51
Q

Describe an intuitive person (MBTI)

A
  • more likely to trust info that can be associated with other and is not reliant on symptoms
  • more interested in future possibilities
  • meaning is in underlying theory and principles which are manifested in the data
52
Q

Describe a thinking person (MBTI)

A
  • tend to decide things from a more detached standpoint
  • logical, reasonable, causal and consistent
  • concern for the truth
  • has trouble interacting with people who are illogical
53
Q

Describe a feeling person (MBTI)

A
  • tend to become to decisions by associating or empathising with the situation from an internal view
54
Q

Describe a perceiving person (MBTI)

A

Preference for sensing and intuition

55
Q

Describe a judgemental person (MBTI)

A

Preference for thinking or feeling

56
Q

Describe the construct validity of the MBTI

A
  • should be four clusters
  • factors should be independent
  • should be small measurement error
57
Q

Describe the verdict of the usefulness of the MBTI

A

There is no evidence that the MBTI measures anything of value and no evidence for the utility of the test

58
Q

Reliability of the MBTI

A

Profiles not change over time, because type theory is based on innate tendencies

59
Q

Jung’s personal unconscious

A

Composed of repressed element’s from one’s life

Psych Assess. Ind Diff (11 decks)

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