Chapter 11: Acids, Bases, and Salts

Question 1

properties of acids

Answer 1

• water (aqueous) solutions of acids conduct electricity
• acids willreact with metals that are more active than hydrogen ions
• litmus (when in contact with acid, purple becomes pink-red) and phenolphthalein (pink to colorless)

Question 2

strong acids

Answer 2

HNO3, HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, H2SO4

Question 3

strong bases

Answer 3

LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

Question 4

Arrhenius Acid/Base Theory

Answer 4

• acid is a substance that produces H+ ions in aq. soln.

- base is a substance that produces OH- ions in aq. soln.

Question 5

properties of bases

Answer 5

• conduct electricity in aq. soln.

- litmus changes from red to blue, phenolphthalein turns pink from colorless

Question 6

Bronstead-Lowry Acid Base Theory

Answer 6

-acids are proton donros and bases are proton acceptors

Question 7

conjugate acid/base

Answer 7

• conjugate acid is the base after receiving the proton
• conjugate base is the acid after giving away a proton
• the stronger the acid, the weaker the conjugate base bc attracting a proton would cause the strong acid to just give off the proton again (HCl would become Cl- and then wouldn’t stay unionized as HCl)

Question 8

Lewis Theory

Answer 8

-acid is the electron pair acceptor and base is the electron pair donor (when H+ bonds, it gains electron pair)

Question 9

titration

Answer 9

• use of volumetric measurement to determine the concentrations of “unknown” solutions or solids
• slowly drip unknown solution into known concentration solution until reach end point (the indicator changes color)

Question 10

equivalence point

Answer 10

• enough acid i added to neutralize the base (and vice versa)
• AKA moles of titrate equal moles of analate

Question 11

useful equations

Answer 11

MaVa=MbVb for titrations
-keep in mind examples where acids and bases have more than one hydrogen or hydroxide when the equation is balanced (need 2HCl for every one Ca(OH)2)
molarity= mols/L

Question 12

how to pick an indicator

Answer 12

• end point is neutral: BTB, litmus
• end point is acidic: methyl orange
• end point is basic: phenolphthalein

Question 13

buffer

Answer 13

• create solutions in equilibrium that are able to resist changes in pH by bonding with the added H+ or OH-
• created by weak acids or weak bases and their conjugates

Question 14

salt

Answer 14

-ionic compounds created in neutralization, single/double displacement, synthesis, or metallic oxide with nonmetallic oxide

Question 15

amphoteric substance

Answer 15

-substances that can act as the proton donor or acceptor (H2O, NH3, HCO3-)