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A ADVANCED ABDOMEN > Quizzes > Flashcards

Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

You are performing an ultrasound exam of the liver on a small patient with a 5 MHz curved linear array. Although you have increased the overall gain to its maximum setting, the posterior border of the liver and diaphragm are not visualized. What should you do?

A

Rescan the liver with a lower frequency transducer

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2
Q

What factor increases frame rate?

A

Decreased sector size

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3
Q

How is the fundus of the stomach in relationship to the liver?

A

Anterior and lateral to left lobe

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4
Q

The anterior segment of the right lobe contains what?

A

Anterior branch of right portal vein

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5
Q

What is the only structure that the caudate lobe is anterior to?

A

Ligamentum venosum

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6
Q

The right posterior subphrenic space which lies between the right lobe of the liver, right kidney and the right colic flexure is called what?

A

Morrison’s pouch

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7
Q

What ligament divides the left lobe of the liver into medial and lateral segments?

A

Ligamentum teres

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8
Q

You are scanning a patient with a known mass in the left medial segment of the liver. What anatomical landmark can you use to identify the left medial segment separate from the right anterior segment of the liver?

A

Middle hepatic vein

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9
Q

You suspect enlargement of the caudate lobe in a patient with liver disease. What structure located at the anterior border of the caudate lobe will help you identify this lobe of the liver?

A

Fissure for ligamentum venosum

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10
Q

Which vessel courses with the main loar fissure?

A

Middle hepatic vein

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11
Q

What are the normal flow characteristics of portal vein?

A

Hepatopedal, unidirectional and phasic

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12
Q

Sonographically portal vein can be differentiated from hepatic veins by comparing what?

A

Vessel wall thickness and echogenicity, orientation of the branches, waveform patterns, blood flow direction

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13
Q

What separates the right lobe from the medial segment of left lobe?

A

Middle hepatic vein

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14
Q

Left hepatic vein runs between which segments of the left hepatic lobe?

A

Medial (4a) and lateral (2, 3)

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15
Q

You are asked to rule out the presence of a recannalized paraumbilical. What anatomic structure is a useful landmark in location of this structure?

A

Ligamentum teres

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16
Q

Which veins of the abdomen join together to form the main portal vein?

A

Splenic vein and SMV

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17
Q

Which vein runs between anterior and posterior segments of the right lobe of the liver?

A

Right hepatic vein

18
Q

Hepatic veins demonstrate what type of doppler spectrum?

A

Chaotic pulsatile phasic variations

19
Q

In which area of the liver does the left hepatic vein lie?

A

High sections (superior segments)

20
Q

In which area of the liver does the umbilical segment of the LPV lie?

A

Mid sections

21
Q

In which area of the liver does the ligamentum teres lie?

A

Lower sections

22
Q

Which abdominal vessel can be a landmark for HA in the area of the liver?

A

Main portal vein

23
Q

Hepatic artery may demonstrate increased flow velocity, if what is thrombosed?

A

Portal vein

24
Q

Focal fatty infiltration, focal fatty sparing, enlarged caudate lobe and an increase in liver echogenicity are all indicators of what?

A

Fatty Liver Disease (FLD)

25
Q

What are collateral vessels?

A

Secondary vessels that supply blood to obstructed vessels

26
Q

Which of the following forms the caudal border of the left portal vein?

A

Ligamentum teres (round ligament)

27
Q

Is fatty liver an irreversible disorder?

A

No (it’s reversible)

28
Q

Can fatty liver be caused by obesity?

A

Yes

29
Q

Can fatty liver be diffuse or focal?

A

Yes

30
Q

Does fatty liver commonly cause increased attenuation of the sound beam through liver?

A

Yes

31
Q

Does fatty liver cause increased through transmission to liver?

A

No

32
Q

A sonogram of the liver shows increased echogenicity with increased attenuation and decreased vascular borders. This most likely represents what?

A

Fatty liver

33
Q

True or false: liver cirrhosis accounts for over 90% of the cases of portal hypertension

A

True

34
Q

Is regenerating nodularity associated with cirrhosis?

A

Yes

35
Q

Is shrunken liver associated with cirrhosis?

A

Yes

36
Q

Are distorted vascular channels associated with cirrhosis?

A

Yes

37
Q

Is a diminished caudate to right lobe ratio associated with cirrhosis?

A

No, it’s increased

38
Q

What are some of the signs of portal hypertension?

A

Collaterals and dilated main portal vein

39
Q

Is hepatomegaly a sign of portal hypertension?

A

No

40
Q

Is shrunken spleen a sign of portal hypertension?

A

No (megaly)

41
Q

What kind of hepatic resistance will occur with portal hypertension?

A

Increased

42
Q

What kind of portal pressure will occur with portal hypertension?

A

Increased

A ADVANCED ABDOMEN (9 decks)

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