Cardiac risk assessment before the use of stimulant medications in children and youth Flashcards

1
Q

How many school aged children have ADHD?

A

3-7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some challenges facing children with ADHD?

A
  1. School difficulties
  2. Lower self-esteem
  3. Family stress
  4. Psychiatric comorbidities
  5. Poor social skills or social isolation
  6. Poor sibling relationships
  7. Poor peer relatonships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some risks for adolescents with ADHD?

A
  1. School failure
  2. Poor social relationships
  3. MVC
  4. Delinquency
  5. Poor vocational outcomes
  6. Increased experimentation with tobacco, alcohol, drugs, and sex
  7. Double the risk for psychoactive substance abuse
  8. Speed citation and traffic violations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the risk of ADHD in structural congenital heart disease?

A

Increased risk of ADHD (30% of survivors of CHD) and can benefit from ADHD therapies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some rhythm disorders in children?

A
  1. long and short QT syndrome
  2. Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy
  3. Brugada syndrome
  4. WPW syndrome
  5. Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some cardiomyopathies in children?

A

Hypertrophic

Dilated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the rate of sudden death in children and youth?

A
  1. 3-8.5 per 100 000 patient years

1. 2-1.3 per 100 000 patient years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the rate of sudden death in children with heart disease?

A

90 per 100 000 patient years

Most common in TOF and d-TGA particularly after the Mustard or Senning procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the risk of death from all causes in children with ADHD?

A

58.4 per 100 000 patient years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the risk of sudden death in children with ADHD on methylphenidate, atomoxetine or amphetamines?

A

0.2-0.5 per 100 000 patient years

Same as the general population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are screening questions for potential cardiac risk factors?

A
  1. SOBOE in the absence of alternative explanation
  2. Poor exercise tolerance in the absence of alternative explanation
  3. Fainting or seizures with exercise, startle, or fright
  4. Palpitations brought on by exercise
  5. Family history of sudden or unexplained death incld. SIDS, unexplained drowning or unexplained MVC (in 1st or 2nd degree relatives)
  6. Personal or family history (in 1st or 2nd degree relatives) of non-ischemic heart disease
  7. Long QT syndrome or other familial arrhythmias
  8. Cardiomyopathy
  9. Heart transplant
  10. Pulmonary hypertension
  11. Unexplained motor vehicle collisions or drowning
  12. Implantable defibrillator
  13. Hypertension
  14. Organic murmur present
  15. Sternotomy incision
  16. Other abnormal cardiac findings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are routine ECG recommended as screening before initiating treatment for ADHD?

A

No. It is not supported by evidence and is not recommended.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Should a cardiologist be consulted in an ADHD patient without known heart disease?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Should a cardiologist be consulted in an ADHD patient with known heart disease?

A

Ultimate treatment decision should be made in consensus with their cardiologist but should primarily be made by the physician with expertise in ADHD as there is little evidence medications increase the risk of sudden death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Should a cardiologist be consulted in an ADHD patient with suspected heart disease or identified risk factors for sudden death?

A

Yes, but that is unrelated to their ADHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly