6.2. Addictions Symposium - Stimulants and their Effect Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the common Addictive Drugs?
- Cocaine - Stimulants
- Amphetamine (Sulphate) - Stimulants
- Opiates
- Ecstasy (MDMA)
- Cannabis
- Novel Psychoactive Substances - Legal Highs
- Anabolic (Androgenic Steroids
How quickly does Cocaine take effect from:
- Smoking?
- Injecting?
- Snorting?
- Almost Immediately
- 15-30 seconds
- 3-5 minutes
Note - Smoking is very intense but quickly over
What are the effects of Cocaine?
Note - These are the Positive effects, why the users may take it
- Stimulant and Euphoriant
- Increased Alertness and Energy
- Increased Confidence / Impaired Judgement
- Lessens Appetite / Desire for Sleep
What are the Side-Effects of Cocaine?
- Damage to Nose / Airways
- Convulsions with Respiratory Failure
- Cardiac Arrhythmia’s and Myocardial Infarction
- Hypertension and Cerebrovascular Disease
- Toxic Confusion
- Paranoid Psychosis
What are the Withdrawal Effects of Cocaine?
- Depression
- Irritability / Agitation
- Craving
- Hyperphagia
- Hypersomnia
What is the difference in Effects of Cocaine and Amphetamine?
Amphetamines effects are Similar to Cocaine, but they last longer
What are the Side-Effects of Amphetamine?
- Toxic Confusion +/- Convulsions
- Amphetamine Psychosis - in heavy, chronic use
- Death
What Opiates are addictive?
- Opium
- Morphine
- Heroine (Diamorphine)
- Methadone
- Codeine / Dihydrocodeine
How is Heroine taken?
- Snorting
- Smoking
- Injection
Note - Smoking is the Safest vs Injection being the most Dangerous
What are the effects of Opiates?
- “A Rush”
- Almost Orgasmic
- Physical / Emotional Anaesthetic
What are the Side-Effects of Opiates?
- First Time - Nausea / Vomiting + Headache
- Medium Term - Phlebitis / Anorexia / Constipation
- Longer Term - Tolerance / Withdrawal / Social + Health Problem
What are the Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome Symptoms?
- Craving
- Insomnia / Yawning
- Muscle Pain and Cramps
- Increased Salivary / Nasal and Lacrimal Secretions
- Dilated Pupils
- Piloerection
What is the advantage / disadvantages of Methadone Maintenance?
- Decriminalizes Drug Use
- Allows normalization of Lifestyle
- Reduces I.V. Misuse
- Leakage on to the Illicit Market
What are the Effects of Ecstasy (MDMA)?
- Euphoria followed by a feeling of Calm
- Increased Sociability
- Inability to distinguish between what is and isn’t desirable
- Likened to a Mixture of LSD and Amphetamine
- Effects after 20 minutes and lasts 2-4 hours
What are the Side-Effects of of Ecstasy (MDMA)?
- Nausea and Dry Mouth
- Increased Blood Pressure / Temperature
- (In clubs users risk) Dehydration
- Large Doses can cause Anxiety / Panic
- Drug Induced Psychosis
- Liver and Brain Cell Damage
What are the Psychological effects of Cannabis?
- Relaxing or Stimulating
- Euphoriant
- Increase Sociability and Hilarity
- Increases Appetite
- Changes in Time Perception
- Synaesthesia
Note - In higher Dose - Anxiety / Panic / Persecutory Ideation / Hallucinatory Activity
What are the Ill-Effects of Cannabis?
- Respiratory Problems as with Tobacco
- Toxic Confusion
- Excerbation of Major Mental Illness
- Canabis Psychosis
What are Anabolic (Androgenic) Steroids?
Family of Drugs comprising Testosterone and Mane Synthetic Analogues
When are Anabolic (Androgenic) Steroids legitimately prescribed?
- Hypogonadism
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Various Anaemias
- Wasting in AIDS
How do Anabolic (Androgenic) Steroids work?
Cause Muscle Hypertrophy
What are the Side Effects of Anabolic (Androgenic) Steroids?
- Skin - Acne / Stretch Marks / Baldness
- Feminisation (Male) - Hypogonadism / Gynaecomastia
- Virilisation (Women) - Hirustism / Deep Voice / Clitoral Enlargement / Menstrual Irregularities / Hair Thinning
- Increased Cholesterol / Hypertension
- Growth Deficits due to premature closure of Epiphyses
- Liver Disease - Cholestatic Jaundice / Liver Tumours
What are the Psychological Side Effects of Anabolic (Androgenic) Steroids?
- Irritability and Anger - “Roid Rage”
- Hypomania / Mania
- Depresion and Suicidality on Withdrawal
