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3rd Year - Psychiatry > 6.2. Addictions Symposium - Stimulants and their Effect > Flashcards

6.2. Addictions Symposium - Stimulants and their Effect Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common Addictive Drugs?

A
  1. Cocaine - Stimulants
  2. Amphetamine (Sulphate) - Stimulants
  3. Opiates
  4. Ecstasy (MDMA)
  5. Cannabis
  6. Novel Psychoactive Substances - Legal Highs
  7. Anabolic (Androgenic Steroids
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2
Q

How quickly does Cocaine take effect from:

  1. Smoking?
  2. Injecting?
  3. Snorting?
A
  1. Almost Immediately
  2. 15-30 seconds
  3. 3-5 minutes
    Note - Smoking is very intense but quickly over
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3
Q

What are the effects of Cocaine?

Note - These are the Positive effects, why the users may take it

A
  1. Stimulant and Euphoriant
  2. Increased Alertness and Energy
  3. Increased Confidence / Impaired Judgement
  4. Lessens Appetite / Desire for Sleep
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4
Q

What are the Side-Effects of Cocaine?

A
  1. Damage to Nose / Airways
  2. Convulsions with Respiratory Failure
  3. Cardiac Arrhythmia’s and Myocardial Infarction
  4. Hypertension and Cerebrovascular Disease
  5. Toxic Confusion
  6. Paranoid Psychosis
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5
Q

What are the Withdrawal Effects of Cocaine?

A
  1. Depression
  2. Irritability / Agitation
  3. Craving
  4. Hyperphagia
  5. Hypersomnia
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6
Q

What is the difference in Effects of Cocaine and Amphetamine?

A

Amphetamines effects are Similar to Cocaine, but they last longer

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7
Q

What are the Side-Effects of Amphetamine?

A
  1. Toxic Confusion +/- Convulsions
  2. Amphetamine Psychosis - in heavy, chronic use
  3. Death
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8
Q

What Opiates are addictive?

A
  1. Opium
  2. Morphine
  3. Heroine (Diamorphine)
  4. Methadone
  5. Codeine / Dihydrocodeine
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9
Q

How is Heroine taken?

A
  1. Snorting
  2. Smoking
  3. Injection
    Note - Smoking is the Safest vs Injection being the most Dangerous
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10
Q

What are the effects of Opiates?

A
  1. “A Rush”
  2. Almost Orgasmic
  3. Physical / Emotional Anaesthetic
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11
Q

What are the Side-Effects of Opiates?

A
  1. First Time - Nausea / Vomiting + Headache
  2. Medium Term - Phlebitis / Anorexia / Constipation
  3. Longer Term - Tolerance / Withdrawal / Social + Health Problem
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12
Q

What are the Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome Symptoms?

A
  1. Craving
  2. Insomnia / Yawning
  3. Muscle Pain and Cramps
  4. Increased Salivary / Nasal and Lacrimal Secretions
  5. Dilated Pupils
  6. Piloerection
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13
Q

What is the advantage / disadvantages of Methadone Maintenance?

A
  1. Decriminalizes Drug Use
  2. Allows normalization of Lifestyle
  3. Reduces I.V. Misuse
  4. Leakage on to the Illicit Market
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14
Q

What are the Effects of Ecstasy (MDMA)?

A
  1. Euphoria followed by a feeling of Calm
  2. Increased Sociability
  3. Inability to distinguish between what is and isn’t desirable
  4. Likened to a Mixture of LSD and Amphetamine
  5. Effects after 20 minutes and lasts 2-4 hours
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15
Q

What are the Side-Effects of of Ecstasy (MDMA)?

A
  1. Nausea and Dry Mouth
  2. Increased Blood Pressure / Temperature
  3. (In clubs users risk) Dehydration
  4. Large Doses can cause Anxiety / Panic
  5. Drug Induced Psychosis
  6. Liver and Brain Cell Damage
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16
Q

What are the Psychological effects of Cannabis?

A
  1. Relaxing or Stimulating
  2. Euphoriant
  3. Increase Sociability and Hilarity
  4. Increases Appetite
  5. Changes in Time Perception
  6. Synaesthesia
    Note - In higher Dose - Anxiety / Panic / Persecutory Ideation / Hallucinatory Activity
17
Q

What are the Ill-Effects of Cannabis?

A
  1. Respiratory Problems as with Tobacco
  2. Toxic Confusion
  3. Excerbation of Major Mental Illness
  4. Canabis Psychosis
18
Q

What are Anabolic (Androgenic) Steroids?

A

Family of Drugs comprising Testosterone and Mane Synthetic Analogues

19
Q

When are Anabolic (Androgenic) Steroids legitimately prescribed?

A
  1. Hypogonadism
  2. Muscular Dystrophy
  3. Various Anaemias
  4. Wasting in AIDS
20
Q

How do Anabolic (Androgenic) Steroids work?

A

Cause Muscle Hypertrophy

21
Q

What are the Side Effects of Anabolic (Androgenic) Steroids?

A
  1. Skin - Acne / Stretch Marks / Baldness
  2. Feminisation (Male) - Hypogonadism / Gynaecomastia
  3. Virilisation (Women) - Hirustism / Deep Voice / Clitoral Enlargement / Menstrual Irregularities / Hair Thinning
  4. Increased Cholesterol / Hypertension
  5. Growth Deficits due to premature closure of Epiphyses
  6. Liver Disease - Cholestatic Jaundice / Liver Tumours
22
Q

What are the Psychological Side Effects of Anabolic (Androgenic) Steroids?

A
  1. Irritability and Anger - “Roid Rage”
  2. Hypomania / Mania
  3. Depresion and Suicidality on Withdrawal

3rd Year - Psychiatry (23 decks)

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