6.2 Formation of Identity

Question 1

What are freud’s psychosexual stages of personality dev based

Answer 1

the tensions caused by the libido

Question 2

Five distinct stages of psychosexual development

Answer 2

• Oral
• Anal
• Phallic or Oedipal
• Latent
• Genital

Question 3

Oral stage

Answer 3

• 0 to 1 y/o
• Libidinal energy centered on the mouth
• Gratification = putting objects in mouth, biting and sucking
• Fixation → excessive dependency

Question 4

Anal stage

Answer 4

• 1 to 3 y/o
• Libido centered on the anus
• Gratification = elimination and retention of waste materials
• Fixation → excessive orderliness or sloppiness

Question 5

Phallic or Oedipal Stage

Answer 5

• 3 to 5 y/o
• Centers on the resolution of the Oedipal conflict for male children and the Electra conflict for female children
• Male child envies his fathers relationship with his mother
• Female children have penis envy

Question 6

Latent stage

Answer 6

• Until puberty

- Libido is largely sublimated during this stage

Question 7

Genital Stage

Answer 7

• Puberty to Adulthood

- If previous stages have been successfully resolved, the person will enter into normal heterosexual relationships

Question 8

Erickson’s stages of psychosocial dev stem from

Answer 8

conflicts between needs and social demands that occur throughout life

Question 9

Erickson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development

Answer 9

• Trust vs. mistrust
• Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
• Initiative vs. guilt
• Industry vs. inferiority
• Identity vs. role confusion
• Intimacy vs. isolation
• Generativity vs. stagnation
• Integrity vs. despair

Question 10

Trust vs. mistrust

Answer 10

• 0 to 1 y/o

- Can I trust the world?

Question 11

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Answer 11

• 1 to 3 y/o

- Is it okay to be me?

Question 12

Initiative vs. guilt

Answer 12

• 3 to 6 y/o

- Is it ok for me to do, move, and act?

Question 13

Industry vs. inferiority

Answer 13

• 6 to 12 y/o

- Can I make it in the world of people and things?

Question 14

Identity vs. role confusion

Answer 14

• 12 to 20 y/o

- Who am I? What can I be?

Question 15

Intimacy vs. isolation

Answer 15

• 20 to 40 y/o

- Can I love?

Question 16

Generativity vs. stagnation

Answer 16

• 40 to 65 y/o

- Can I make my life count?

Question 17

Integrity vs. despair

Answer 17

• above 65 y/o

- Is it okay to have been me?

Question 18

Kohlberg’s stages of moral dev

Answer 18

describes the approaches of indiv to resolving moral dilemmas and perceive the notion of right and wrong

Question 19

Kohlberg’s 3 phases

Answer 19

• Preconventional morality
• Conventional morality
• Postconventional morality

Question 20

Preconventional morality

Answer 20

• Preadolescence
• Places emphasis on the consequences of the moral choice
• Stage one: obedience
• Stage two: self-interest aka instrumental relativist stage

Question 21

Conventional morality

Answer 21

• adolescence to adulthood
• Based on understanding and accepting social rules
• Stage three: conformity
• Stage four: law and order

Question 22

Postconventional morality

Answer 22

• adulthood (if at all)
• not everyone is capable of achieving this level of reasoning
• Stage five: social contract
• Stage six: universal human ethics

Question 23

Vygotsky: Cultural and Biosocial Development

Answer 23

-Believed the driving factor for cognitive dev was the child’s internalization of various aspects of the culture

Question 24

Zone of proximal dev

Answer 24

describes those skills that a child has not yet mastered and require a more knowledgeable other (usually and aduly) in order to accomplish the skill

Question 25

Theory of mind

Answer 25

Ability to sense how another’s mind works which allows us to recognize and react to how others think about us

Question 26

Looking-glass self

Answer 26

social psychological construct stating the self is dev through interpersonal rxns, specifically through a person’s understanding of the reception others have of them