6.2 Mitosis Flashcards by Maya Hennig

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Q

Definition of a chromosome

A

Structures of condensed and coiled DNA in the from of chromatin

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Q

Definition of chromatin

A

Uncondensed DNA in a complex with histomes

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Q

How are two chromatids joined together?

A

By a centromere

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Q

Definition of chromatid

A

One o the two copies of a chromosome that are joined together by a single centromere

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Q

Definition of loci

A

Location of a gene of a chromosome

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Q

What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

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Q

What happens during prophase?

A

Chromosomes coil and condense to become visible, nuclear envelop begins to break down, centrioles migrate to poles of cell and begin to produce spindle fibres

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Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Spindle fibres attract to the centromere of chromosomes, chromosomes are pulled to the equator of the cell where they line up on the metaphase plate

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Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

Spindle fibres contract, centromere of each chromosome splints in half so that one chromatid from each chromosome is pulled to opposite poles of the cell, V-shape of chromatids as they are pulled to opposite poles

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Q

What happens during telophase?

A

Nuclear envelope begins to reform around each new group of chromosomes, spindle fibres disappear, chromosomes begin to uncoil

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Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A

The cytoplasms divides to form two new genetically identical daughter cells. Each cell will have a full copy of the genetic material, diploid

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Q

What are reasons for mitosis?

A

Replace cells/ repair tissues
Asexual reproduction
Genetically identical cells

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Q

A

i. centromere

ii. hold chromatids together, allow spindle fibres to attatch, allow chromatids to be separated in anaphase

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Q

A

-DNA has been replicated, two double helixes
-2 chromatids, attracted at a centromere

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Q

A

Stage A - Prophase
chromosomes condensing

Stage B - Anaphase
chromatids separated, moving towards opposite poles of the cell

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Q

Study These Flashcards

A

i. D, B, E, A, C

ii. metaphase

b. S phase of interphase

Q

Study These Flashcards

A

A, D, C, E, B

Q

Study These Flashcards

A

-Attachment of centromere of chromosome
-Separation of chromatids

Q

Study These Flashcards

A

i. Q

ii. Cell/nucelus has divided

Q

Study These Flashcards

A

D

Q

Study These Flashcards

A

-Genetically identical offspring
-Offspring produced, rapidly and in large numbers
-Offspring will find conditions favourable, have same adaptations

Q

Study These Flashcards

A

Q

How do you calculate mitotic index?

Study These Flashcards

A

mitotic index = number of cells in mitosis / total number of cells

Q

Study These Flashcards

A