6.2 non ferrous metals

Question 1

What does non ferrous mean?

Answer 1

A metal that does not have iron as it main base material

Question 2

Are non ferrous metals magnetic or non magnetic?

Answer 2

Non magnetic

Question 3

What are 4 examples of non ferrous materials?

Answer 3

Aluminium, copper, titanium, manganese

Question 4

What ore is aluminium extracted from?

Answer 4

Bauxite

Question 5

What are the properties of pure aluminium?

Answer 5

Lightweight, lustrous, white,

Question 6

What properties does aluminium obtain when combined with zinc and copper? (Fractions)

Answer 6

Strong with only 1/3 of the weight of steel.

Question 7

What is the corrosion resistance like in this alloy?

Answer 7

Good

Question 8

In Wrought Aluminium, what are the different series?

Answer 8

1-Pure aluminium
2-Copper
3-Manganese
4-Silicon
5-Magnesium
6-Magnesium and Silicon
7-Zinc
8-Other elements
9-Unused elements

Question 9

What are the properties of Series 1? (When are they used? What can they be? Corrosion resistance and Conductivity?)

Answer 9

They are used when strength is needed. Can be strain hardened, they have good corrosion resistance and good electric conductivity.

Question 10

What are Series 2 susceptible to?

Answer 10

Corrosion

Question 10

What can Series 3 not be?

Answer 10

Heat Treated

Question 11

Why does Series 4 have good weldability and brazing?

Answer 11

It has a lower melting temperature

Question 12

What are the properties of Series 5? (C,W)

Answer 12

Good weldability and corrosion resistance.

Question 13

What can Series 6 be that 3 cannot be?

Answer 13

Heat treated

Question 14

Because Series 7 has high tensile strength, What does that mean in terms of its properties?

Answer 14

It is harder and stronger.

Question 15

How can you increase an aluminium alloys materials corrosion resistance?

Answer 15

A thin layer of pure aluminium is cladded on it

Question 16

What percentage does the Al-clad have to be of the material?

Answer 16

3%-5%

Question 17

What can abrasions to the Al-clad cause?

Answer 17

Corrosion or stress points.

Question 18

How do you recognize Aluminium cladded material?

Answer 18

It says Al-Clad, ALC, ClaD, A

Question 19

What is the most popular magnesium alloy?

Answer 19

AZ31

Question 20

What is Magnesium density compared to Aluminium?

Answer 20

Lower and 2/3 of the weight

Question 21

Magnesium is highly susceptible to what?

Answer 21

Corrosion

Question 22

How can this be overcome?

Answer 22

By treating the surface with chemicals that form an oxide film and exclude oxygen.

Question 23

How do you stop Magnesium cracking when formed?

Answer 23

By heating the parts before forming (hot dimpling)

Question 24

What is dangerous about magnesium?

Answer 24

It burns rapidly in any form.

Question 25

What does solution heat treatment of Magnesium increase?

Answer 25

Tensile strength, resistance to shock and ductility.

Question 26

What does precipitation heat treatment do increase?

Answer 26

It increases the yield strength and hardness

Question 27

What is precipitation heat treatment?

Answer 27

Heating it below its temperature for solution heat treatment and holding it there.

Question 28

How can the ageing process be slowed down?

Answer 28

By storing the material at a sub-zero temperature (-20 degrees) straight after being quenched.

Question 29

How can the ageing process be increased?

Answer 29

By heating the material 160-260 degrees and allowing it to soak.

Question 30

What are the properties of Aluminium in terms of weight and strength

Answer 30

Lightweight and very high strength

Question 31

Alloy with high zinc content require what in order to achieve full strength?

Answer 31

Thermal treatment

Question 32

What does temper designation T stand for?

Answer 32

Solution heat treatment

Question 33

What is the name for this?

Answer 33

Artificial age hardening.

Question 34

What does T3 stand for?

Answer 34

Solution heat treated followed by strain hardening

Question 35

What does T4 stand for?

Answer 35

Solution heat treatment followed by natural age hardening

Question 36

What T6 stand for?

Answer 36

Solution heat treatment followed by artificial age hardening

Question 37

What does T36 mean?

Answer 37

Solution heat treated but thickness reduced by 5% (by cold rolling)

Question 38

Rivets made of alloys 2017 and 2024 are hard so have to receive what?

Answer 38

Several heat treatment so it's suitable to be used as rivets.

Question 39

Why are the number of solution heat treatments allowed for clad materials limited?

Answer 39

Because of the diffusion of core material into the cladding

Question 40

What does the diffusion decrease?

Answer 40

Corrosion resistance

Question 41

How many heat treatments is Al clad limited to?

Answer 41

3

Question 42

Non heat treatable aluminium are designated in what?

Answer 42

1xxx 3xxx 5xxx

Question 43

Non heat treatable alloys can be adjusted by cold what?

Answer 43

Rolling and working

Question 44

Alloy 5052 contains 2.5% of what? (5xxx)

Answer 44

magnesium

Question 45

It also contains a small amount of what?

Answer 45

Chromium

Question 46

What is it called when strength is increased by cold working?

Answer 46

Mechanical hardness

Question 47

Strain hardening is also known as what?

Answer 47

Cold working or work hardening

Question 48

Strain hardening works a material above or below it's critical range?

Answer 48

Below

Question 49

Strain hardening alters the grain structure and makes the alloy what?

Answer 49

Harder

Question 50

What does strain hardening consist of?

Answer 50

Pressing, rolling and drawing

Question 51

Hardened designation F means?

Answer 51

Fabricated

Question 52

Hardened designation O means?

Answer 52

Annealed

Question 53

Hardened designation H means?

Answer 53

Strain hardened

Question 54

H1?

Answer 54

Strain hardened only

Question 55

H2?

Answer 55

Strain hardened and partially annealed

Question 56

H3?

Answer 56

Strain hardened and stabilised

Question 57

Hx2?

Answer 57

Quarter hard

Question 58

Hx4?

Answer 58

Half hard

Question 59

Hx6?

Answer 59

Three quarter hard

Question 60

Hx8?

Answer 60

Fully hard

Question 61

Fully hard

Answer 61

Fully hard

Question 62

What must you ensure when annealing clad aluminium alloys?

Answer 62

They must be heated as quickly and as carefully as possible

Question 63

Why must you ensure quickness when annealing clad aluminium alloys?

Answer 63

Because the core material can diffuse and mix into the cladding increasing corrosion

Question 64

How is mechanical hardness started?

Answer 64

By prolonged operations. It restricts further work

Question 65

A material that has been previously heat treated can be reheated several times for what reason?

Answer 65

To relieve interns, stresses

Question 66

What does strain hardening do to the grain structure?

Answer 66

It alters it to make the material harder

Question 67

What is solution heat treatment?

Answer 67

When an alumiunium alloy is heated so the base material mixes with the alloying element

Question 68

How is solution heat treatment carried out?

Answer 68

The material is heated in a salt bath or hot furnace just below its melting point. The temperature is maintained +-5. It is then quenched

Question 69

For large forging, what is essential?

Answer 69

Hot water

Question 70

What is the amount of time an alloy can take inbetween removing the alloy from the furnace and quenching?

Answer 70

10 seconds

Question 71

What is spray quenching?

Answer 71

Using high velocity water sprays

Question 72

What are the benefits of spray quenching?

Answer 72

Alleviates cracking and minimizes distortion

Question 73

Thin metal warps and distorts when quenched so what must you do?

Answer 73

Straighten it immediately

Question 74

If a salt bath was used, what must you ensure and why?

Answer 74

The salt is washed off because it can corrode