Chapter 6: Anotomy & Physiology

Question 1

The _________ system helps the body regulate fluid levels, filter chemicals, and adjust body pH.

Answer 1

Renal System

Question 2

List the three functions of the musculoskeletal system.

Answer 2

The musculoskeletal system functions to give the body shape, to protect vital internal organs, and to provide for body movement

Question 3

Name the five divisions of the spine, and describe the location of each.

Answer 3

Cervical: neck
Thoracic: upper back
Lumbar: lower back
Sacral: posterior pelvis
Coccyx: distal spine, posterior pelvis

Question 4

Describe the physical processes of inhalation and exhalation.

Answer 4

During inhalation, the muscles of the rib cage and the diaphragm contract. The diaphragm lowers, and the ribs move upward and outward, which expands the chest and creates a negative pressure inside the chest cavity that pulls air into the lungs. During exhalation, the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax. The ribs move downward and inward, while the diaphragm rises, causing the chest to decrease in size and positive pressure to build inside the chest cavity, which pushes air out of the lungs.

Question 5

List four places a peripheral pulse may be felt.

Answer 5

The four places where a peripheral pulse may be palpated are the radial artery, brachial artery, carotid artery, and femoral artery.

Question 6

Describe the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

Answer 6

The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain receives information from the body and, in turn, sends impulses to different areas of the body to respond to internal and external changes. The spinal cord rests within the spinal column and stretches from the brain to the lumbar vertebrae. Nerves branch from each part of the cord and reach throughout the body. The peripheral nervous system consists of two types of nerves: sensory and motor. The sensory nerves pick up information from throughout the body and transmit it to the spinal cord and brain. The motor nerves carry messages from the brain to the body.

Question 7

List three functions of the skin.

Answer 7

The functions of the skin include protection, water balance, temperature regulation, excretion, and shock absorption.