Chapter 10

Question 1

the amount of air that reaches the alveoli.

Answer 1

alveolar ventilation (al-VE-o-ler)

Question 2

forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing. Also called positive pressure ventilation.

Answer 2

artificial ventilation

Question 3

a device that provides positive pressure ventilations. It includes settings designed to adjust ventilation rate and volume, is portable, and is easily carried on an ambulance.

Answer 3

automatic transport ventilator (ATV)

Question 4

a handheld device with a face mask and self-refilling bag that can be squeezed to provide artificial ventilations to a patient. It can deliver air from the atmosphere or oxygen from a supplemental oxygen supply system.

Answer 4

bag-valve mask (BVM)

Question 5

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood.

Answer 5

cellular respiration

Question 6

a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body.

Answer 6

cyanosis (SY-uh-NO-sis)

Question 7

a process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Answer 7

diffusion

Question 8

a valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute.

Answer 8

flowmeter

Question 9

a device that uses oxygen under pressure to deliver artificial ventilations. Its trigger is placed so that the rescuer can operate it while still using both hands to maintain a seal on the face mask. It has automatic flow restriction to prevent overdelivery of oxygen to the patient.

Answer 9

flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD)

Question 10

a device connected to the flowmeter to add moisture to the dry oxygen coming from an oxygen cylinder.

Answer 10

humidifier

Question 11

an insufficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues.

Answer 11

hypoxia (hi-POK-se-uh)

Question 12

a device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the patient’s nostrils.

Answer 12

nasal cannula (NAY-zul KAN-yuh-luh)

Question 13

a face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers high concentrations of oxygen. The patient’s exhaled air escapes through a valve and is not rebreathed.

Answer 13

nonrebreather mask (NRB)

Question 14

a cylinder filled with oxygen under pressure.

Answer 14

oxygen cylinder

Question 15

a face mask and reservoir oxygen bag with no one-way valve to the reservoir bag so that some exhaled air mixes with the oxygen; used in some patients to help preserve carbon dioxide levels in the blood to stimulate breathing.

Answer 15

partial rebreather mask

Question 16

a device, usually with a one-way valve, to aid in artificial ventilation. A rescuer breathes through the valve when the mask is placed over the patient’s face. It also acts as a barrier to prevent contact with a patient’s breath or body fluids. It can be used with supplemental oxygen when fitted with an oxygen inlet.

Answer 16

pocket face mask

Question 17

______________ means that airway pressure is applied at the patient’s airway through an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube. The positive nature of the pressure causes the gas to flow into the lungs until the ventilator breath is terminated.

Answer 17

positive pressure ventilation

Question 18

a device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient.

Answer 18

pressure regulator

Question 19

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

Answer 19

pulmonary respiration

Question 20

the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood (pulmonary respiration) and between the blood and the cells (cellular respiration).

Answer 20

respiration

Question 21

when breathing completely stops.

Answer 21

respiratory arrest

Question 22

increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath.

Answer 22

respiratory distress

Question 23

the reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life.

Answer 23

respiratory failure

Question 24

a permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes; a surgically created opening into the body, as with a tracheostomy, colostomy, or ileostomy.

Answer 24

stoma

Question 25

a device designed to be placed over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental oxygen.

Answer 25

tracheostomy mask

Question 26

the process of moving gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) into and out of the lungs; breathing in and out (inhalation and exhalation), or artificial provision of breaths.

Answer 26

ventilation

Question 27

a face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers specific concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with inhaled air.

Answer 27

Venturi mask