Exam 1 Drugs

Question 1

Phenylephrine

Answer 1

MOI: alpha adrenergic agonist, beta only in high doses

Uses: treat hypotension without cardiac stimulation

Adverse effects: reflex bradycardia

Cross BBB?: No

Question 2

Bethanechol

Answer 2

MOI: muscarinic agonist

Uses: increase bladder contraction

Adverse Effects: SLUD/cholinergic crisis

Cross BBB?: No

Question 3

Norepinephrine

Answer 3

MOI: alpha1/2 and beta 1 agonist

Uses: pressor agent used for shock; ICU drug

Adverse effects: extravasation injuries possible, arrhythmias, hypertension

Cross BBB?: No

Question 4

Glycopyrrolate

Answer 4

MOI: muscarini antagonist

Uses: pre-anesthetic (reduce airway secretions), antidote for cholinergic overdose, treat vagal-mediated bradycardia

Adverse effects: dried secretions, delayed GI/Urinary tract emptying

Cross BBB?: No

Question 5

Carbachol

Answer 5

MOI: muscarinic and nicotinic agonist

Uses: increase bladder and GI contraction; not commonly used at UF

Adverse Effects: SLUD/cholinergic crisis

Cross BBB?: No

Question 6

Terbutaline

Answer 6

MOI: beta2-adrenergic agonist

Uses: bronchodilator

Adverse effects: increased heart rate, tremors, CNS excitement

Cross BBB? Yes

Question 7

Yohimbine

Answer 7

MOI: alpha2-adrenergic antagonist

Uses: reversal of xylazine

Adverse effects: transient CNS excitation, increased respiration, muscle tremors

Cross BBB? Yes

Question 8

Epinephrine

Answer 8

MOI: alpha & beta-adrenergic agonist

Uses: anaphylaxis and cardiac resuscitation

Adverse effects: excitability, anxiety, tremor

Cross BBB? Not readily

Question 9

Propanolol

Answer 9

MOI: beta1/2-adrenergic antagonist

Uses: hypertension, arrythmias

Adverse effects: bradycardia, lethargy, hypotension, bronchoconstriction

Cross BBB? Yes

Question 10

Phentolamine

Answer 10

MOI: non-selective alpha-adrenergic antagonist

Uses: anti-hypertensive

Adverse effects: may cause severe hypotension

Cross BBB? yes

Question 11

Parathion

Answer 11

Classification: Organophosphate poison

MOI: anticholinesterase

Uses: found in pesticides, cattle dips/sprays, mosquito control

Cross BBB? yes

Elimination: metabolized by liver to active metabolite

Question 12

Physostigmine

Answer 12

MOI: anticholinesterase

Uses: promote alertness in cases of ivermectin toxicity

Adverse effects: SLUD/cholinergic crisis

Cross BBB? Yes

Question 13

Xylazine

Answer 13

MOI: alpha2-adrenergic agonist

Uses: sedative and analgesic, emetic in dogs & cats

Adverse effects: species specific, most show tremors

Cross BBB? Yes

Question 14

Atenolol

Answer 14

MOI: beta1-adrenergic antagonist

Uses: hypertension & tachycardia

Adverse effects: high doses may cause hypoglycemia; lethargy, hypotension

Cross BBB? yes, only in small amounts

Question 15

Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

Answer 15

MOI: removes phosphate to reactivate AChE

Uses: antidote for organophosphate poisoning

Adverse effects: may cause muscle rigidity and spasm transiently

Cross BBB? not readily

**must be given within 24hrs to be effective

Question 16

Prazosin

Answer 16

MOI: alpha1-adrenergic antagonist

Uses: CHF, hypertension, urethral obstruction

Adverse effects: hypotension

Cross BBB: yes

Question 17

Atropine

Answer 17

MOI: nicotinic and muscarinic receptor antagonist

Uses: pre-anesthetic (reduce airway secretions); antidote for cholinergic overdose; treat vagal-mediated bradycardia

Adverse effects: dried secretions; slowed urinary and GI emptying, potential CNS depression

Cross BBB? yes

Question 18

Dobutamine

Answer 18

MOI: beta1-adrenergic agonist; mild beta2 & alpha1 agonist

Uses: increases cardiac output; ICU drug

Adverse effects: tachycardia

Cross BBB? Not readily

Question 19

Neostigmine

Answer 19

MOI:: anticholinesterase

Uses: stimulate GI peristalsis, empyting of bladder, skeletal muscle contraction; **myasthenia gravis dx if edrophonium unavailable

Adverse effects: SLUD/cholinergic crisis

Cross BBB? no

Question 20

Edrophonium

Answer 20

MOI: anticholinesterase

Uses: myasthenia gravis diagnosis; reversal of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents in horses

Adverse effects: bradycardia, SLUD/cholinergic crisis

Cross BBB? at moderate dosing, no

Question 21

Isoproterenol

Answer 21

MOI: beta-1 & 2 adrenergic agonist

Uses: relief of acute bronchial constriction, cardiac arrhythmias, adjunct for shock or heart failure

Adverse effects: tachycardia, anxiety, tremor

Cross BBB?: yes