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PAT 1 > Unit 2 - General and Extra-oral Inspection/ Assesment > Flashcards

Unit 2 - General and Extra-oral Inspection/ Assesment Flashcards

1
Q

Above

A

Superior

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2
Q

Posterior

A

Behind

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3
Q

Inferior

A

Under

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4
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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5
Q

Medial

A

Closer to midline

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6
Q

Lateral

A

Further from midline

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7
Q

How many bones are in the whole body?

A

206

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8
Q

Which cells form bone?

A

Osteoblasts

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9
Q

Which primary minerals give bones its rigidness?

A

Calcium

Phosphate

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10
Q

What are the 3 layers of bone?

A

Periosteum
Compact bone
Cancellous bone

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11
Q

Layer of bone that is a thin layer of whitish connective tissue; contains nerves and blood vessels

A

Periosteum

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12
Q

Type of bone that is dense and strong; forms outer layer of bone aka “Cortical Plate”

A

Compact Bone

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13
Q

The “Spongey Bone”; has trabeculae that forms the pattern of spaces which are filled with bone marrow

A

Cancellous Bone

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14
Q

Which bone layer forms blood cells?

A

Cancellous

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15
Q

What are some functions of bones?

A

Gives body shape and form
Protects vital structures/organs
Provides support
Forms blood cells

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16
Q

How many bones are in the skull?

A

28

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17
Q

How many cranium bones are there?

A

8

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18
Q

How many facial bones are there?

A

14

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19
Q

How many auditory bones are there?

A

6

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20
Q

Which bones make up the Cranium?

How many/ which have a pair?

A 
8 bones:
Frontal 
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Temporal x2
Parietal x2
Occipital
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21
Q

The “Butterfly Bone”

A

Sphenoid Bone

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22
Q

A thin cranium bone behind the eyes and nose

A

Ethmoid

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23
Q

What are the 8 landmarks of the cranium?

A 
Sutures
Ridges
Foramen (plural: Foramina)
Protruberances
Processes
Fossas
Eminence
Meatus
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24
Q

A thin layer of fibrous tissue that unites bones to form an immovable joint

A

Suture

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25
Q

Suture that joins the frontal bone with the parietal bones

A

Coronal Suture

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26
Q

Suture that joins the parietal and temporal bones

A

Squamosal suture

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27
Q

Suture that joins 2 parietal bones to the occipital bone

A

Lambdoidal suture

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28
Q

Suture that joins the parietal bones

A

Sagittal suture

29
Q

What is a ridge?

Example and location?

A

Cranium landmark

Long narrow elevation of bone
ie - Supraorbital ridge; above the eye

30
Q

What is a foramen? (plural foramina)

Example and location?

A

Cranium landmark

A natural opening in bone or a tooth where blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass through

ie - supraorbital foramen; on supraorbital ridges off centered towards the nose

31
Q

What is a protuberance?

Example?

A

Cranium landmark

A bony projection or bulge

ie - occipital protruberance;

32
Q

Opening for spinal cord in the cranium

A

Foramen Magnum

33
Q

What is a process?

Example and location?

A
  • Cranium landmark
  • An extension of bone from its main body
  • Acts as attatchment/insertion sites for muscles and ligaments

ie - extention of the temporal bone; behind ear

34
Q

Which landmark is named after its neighboring bone due to its placement?

A

Process

35
Q

Pen line extension of temporal bone

A

Styloid Process

36
Q

What is a fossa? (pl Fossae)

Example and location?

A

Cranium landmark
A shallow depression in bone

ie - glennoid fossa; debression where mandible joins temporal bone in TMJ

37
Q

What is an eminence?

A

Cranium landmark
A rounded projection/elevation on a bone

ie - articular eminence; projection of temporal bone that stops mandible from over extending

38
Q

What is a meatus?

Mee-ay-tus

A

Cranium landmark

External opening of a canal
ie - external auditory meatus

39
Q

How many facial bones are there?

A

14

40
Q

What are the names of the facial bones?

Which ones are not doubled?

A 
Maxilla x2
Palatine x2
Zygomatic (zygoma) x2
Nasal x2
Lacrimal x2
Inferior Conchae x2

Mandible
Vomer

41
Q

Suture that unites the Maxilla(s)

A

Median palatine suture

42
Q

Functions of Maxilla

A
  • forms shape of upper face
  • supports maxillary dentition
  • forms floor of nose
  • forms part of orbital cavity
43
Q

How many process does the maxilla have?

What are they called?

A

4 processes

  • Alveolar
  • Frontal
  • Zygomatic
  • Palatine
44
Q

Location of alveolar process of the maxilla

A

Above maxillary dentition

45
Q

Location of frontal process of the maxilla

A

Runs up side of the nose

46
Q

Location of zygomatic process of the maxilla

A

Mesial to “cheek bones”

47
Q

Location of zygomatic process of the maxilla

A

Anterior 1/3 of palate

48
Q

How many sutures are in the palate?

A

2

49
Q

Suture that joins maxilla and palatine bones

A

Transverse Suture

50
Q

Where are the infraorbital foramina?

A

superior to maxillary bicuspids

51
Q

Where are the posterior superior alveolar (PSA) foramina?

A

Superior to 17 and 27 distal buccal root

52
Q

Where is the incisive foramen?

A

posterior to central incisors in palate surface

53
Q

Where is the maxillary tuberosity?

A

Distal to the last molar on either side

Slants up and back

54
Q

Where are the maxillary sinuses?

A

Under each eye beside nose

55
Q

Functions of the maxillary sinuses

A
  • gives depth to voice
  • lightens bone weight
  • believed to store warm air for respiratory process
56
Q

Name 4 maxilla landmarks

A
  • maxilla tuberosity
  • maxillary sinuses
  • nasal cavity
  • infraorbital ridges
57
Q

What is the alveolar process of the maxilla responsible for?

A

Supporting maxillary dentition

58
Q

A layer of compact bone that overlies the cancellous bone of the alveolar process on the mandible and maxilla.

A

Cortical plate

59
Q

Why is the maxilla bone lighter than the mandible bone?

A
  • has less cortical plate, more cancellous bone

- maxillary sinuses

60
Q

Bone that lines tooth socket (alveolus)

A

Lamina Dura

61
Q

What is the lamina dura made of?

A

Compact bone

62
Q

Key characteristics of lamina dura

A
  • contains many openings for bloodvessels, nerves, and lymph tissues to supply periodontal ligaments
  • fibres of periodontal ligaments are firmly embedded to this bone
63
Q

Where are the greater palatine foramina located?

A

adjacent to 2nd/3rd max. molars

64
Q

Which bone are the greater palatine foramina a part of ?

A

Palatine Bone

65
Q

Which two bones create “the roof” of the mouth?

A

Maxilla (anterior) Palatine (posterior)

66
Q

Suture that joins palatine and maxilla bones

A

Transverse Palatine Suture

67
Q

Line of fusion where two halves of mandible join

A

Symphysis menti

68
Q

4 examples of mandible functions

A

1) forms shape for lower half of face
2) forms floor of the mouth by allowing tissue attachment
3) supports mandibular dentition
4) allows movement for speech, chewing, etc

69
Q

the _______ of the mandible inserts into the ____ _____ of the ________ _______.

A

the CONDYLE of the mandible inserts into the GLENOID FOSSA of the TEMPORAL BONE

PAT 1 (8 decks)

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