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Nutrition > Unit 1 - Definitions, Standards, & Guidelines > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Definitions, Standards, & Guidelines Flashcards

1
Q

What is nutritional genomics?

A

The science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and vice versa

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2
Q

What is another name for nutritional genomics?

A

Nutrigenomics

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3
Q

What is wellness?

A

Optimal physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, & social health

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4
Q

What are functional foods?

A

Foods that provide health benefits beyond their nutritional contributions

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5
Q

What are 4 examples of functional foods?

A

1) Whole foods
2) Orange juice fortified with calcium
3) Bread enriched with folate
4) Margarine enhanced with plant sterol

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6
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Substances that support the growth, maintenance, & repair of the body’s tissues

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7
Q

What are the 6 classes of nutrients?

A

Carbs, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, and water

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8
Q

What are the 2 subgroups of nutrients?

A

1) Energy providing - carbs, fat, protein

2) Other nutrients - water, vitamins, minerals

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9
Q

What are essential nutrients?

A

Nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in sufficient quantities to meet physiological needs

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10
Q

What is a calorie?

A

A unit in which energy is measured

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11
Q

How many calories of energy does each gram of a carb yield?

A

4

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12
Q

How many calories of energy does each gram of a protein yield?

A

4

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13
Q

How many calories of energy does each gram of a fat yield?

A

9

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14
Q

How many calories of energy does each gram of alcohol yield?

A

7

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15
Q

Is alcohol a nutrient?

A

No, because it can’t support the body’s growth, maintenance, or repair

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16
Q

What does RDA stand for?

A

Recommended dietary allowance

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17
Q

What is an RDA?

A

A guideline for how much of a particular nutrient an individual should consume

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18
Q

___ is the foundation of the DRI

A

RDA’s

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19
Q

What does DRI stand for?

A

Dietary reference intake

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20
Q

What does EAR stand for?

A

Estimated average requirements

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21
Q

What is an EAR?

A

Intake goals for given stages of life and gender groups

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22
Q

What are RDA’s based on?

A

EARs

23
Q

What does AI stand for?

A

Adequate intakes

24
Q

What are AIs?

A

Goals for individuals when insufficient scientific data exists to set an RDA

25
Q

What does UL stand for?

A

Tolerable upper intake limits

26
Q

What is a UL?

A

The maximum amount of a nutrient that is safe

27
Q

What does the absence of a UL mean?

A

There is insufficient data to set a value

28
Q

What does AMDR stand for?

A

Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges

29
Q

What are AMDRs?

A

Ranges of recommended intake for carbohydrates, fat, and protein, expressed as % of total daily calorie intake

30
Q

What is the AMDR for carbs?

A

45-65%

31
Q

What is the AMDR for fat?

A

20-35%

32
Q

What is the AMDR for protein?

A

10-35%

33
Q

Why were DRIs created?

A

As a guideline for the average person

34
Q

What is overnutrition?

A

Overconsumption of food energy or nutrients sufficient to cause disease or increased susceptibility to disease

35
Q

What is undernutrition?

A

Underconsumption of food energy or nutrients severe enough to cause disease or increased susceptibility to disease

36
Q

Overnutrition and undernutrition are forms of ______

A

Malnutrition

37
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of a healthy diet?

A

1) Adequacy
2) Balance
3) Calorie control
4) Moderation
5) Variety

38
Q

What must a nutrition facts table include?

A
  • Serving size
  • Calories
  • % daily value
39
Q

What are the 13 core nutrients on a food label?

A
  • Fats
  • Saturated and trans fat
  • Cholesterol
  • Sodium
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fibre
  • Sugar
  • Protein
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin C
  • Calcium
  • Iron
40
Q

What does free/no/without mean on a food label?

A

The food provides an amount of a nutrient that is so small it likely won’t have any effect on the body

41
Q

What does little/low/few mean on a food label?

A

The food provides a very small amount of the nutrient

42
Q

What does reduced/less/lower mean on a food label?

A

Food is processed/modified so that it contains at least 25% less of the nutrient when compared to a similar product

43
Q

What does lightly mean on a food label?

A

Food provides at least 50% less added sodium that the food to which it is compared

44
Q

What does no added mean on a food label?

A

Food has none of the nutrient added to it

45
Q

What does source contains mean on a food label?

A

Food provides a significant amount of the nutrient

46
Q

What does more/higher mean on a food label?

A

At least 25% more of a nutrient compared with a similar product

47
Q

What does good source of mean on a food label?

A

At least 15% of the recommended daily intake

48
Q

What does high in mean on a food label?

A

The food contains at least 4g of fibre

49
Q

What does excellent source/very high in mean on a food label?

A

Food provides a very large amount of the nutrient

50
Q

What does light mean on a food label?

A

Food is processed/modified so that it contains at least 25% less of the nutrient when compared to a similar product

51
Q

What does lean mean on a food label?

A

Contains 10% or less fat

52
Q

What does extra lean mean on a food label?

A

Contains 7.5% or less of fat

53
Q

What are the 2 types of nutrition claims?

A

1) Nutrient content claims

2) Health claims

54
Q

What are 2 examples of health claims?

A

1) A diet rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of cancer
2) General health claims - healthy choice (not regulated by the gov’t)

Nutrition (9 decks)

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