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Medicine II > Hematopoietic- White Cell Disorders > Flashcards

Hematopoietic- White Cell Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

types of non-neoplastic white cell disorders

A
  • leucopenia

- reactive leucocytosis

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2
Q

characteristics of leucopenia

A
  • decrease in white cells (specifically neutropenia: decrease in granulocytes)
  • WBC count <1000 (more susceptible to bacterial and fungal infection)
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3
Q

leucopenia can be due to:

A

marrow failure, chemotherapy, immune-mediated injury to neutrophils (triggered by some drugs or idiopathic)

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4
Q

clinical symptoms of leucopenia

A

malaise, chills, fever, weakness, fatigability

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5
Q

reactive leucocytosis is an:

A

increase in number of white cells due to inflammatory reaction (infection, allergy)

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6
Q

types of neoplastic white cell disorders

A
  • lymphomas (non-hodgkin, hodgkin)
  • leukemias (lymphocytic, myelogenous)
  • plasma cell dyscrasias
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7
Q

non-hodgkin lymphomas is a

A

heterogenous group of cancers of lymphocytes, malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells

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8
Q

where can non-hodgkin lymphoma can arise from:

A

anywhere in the body where there is lymphatic tissue

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9
Q

symptoms and signs of non-hodgkin lymphoma

A
  • painless lymphadenopathy (isolated or extra nodal)

- night sweats, weight loss, weakness, anemia, metastasis (in advanced disease)

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10
Q

what is needed for diagnosis of lymphomas?

A

biopsy of lymph or extra nodal tissue (multiple ones)

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11
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is characterized by:

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

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12
Q

what is unique about the age distribution of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

bimodal age distribution

one peak in the 20s, second over age 50

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13
Q

some signs and symptoms of Hodgkins lymphoma may be:

A

painless mass in neck, fever, weight loss, night sweats, generalized pruritus (itchy)

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14
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma:

Stage I

A

single lymph node region involved or single extra lymphatic organ or tissue involved

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15
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma

Stage II

A

two or more lymph node regions involved on same side of the diaphragm alone or with involvement of limited contiguous extra lymphatic organs or tissue

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16
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma

Stage III

A

lymph node regions involved on both sides of the diaphragm, may include spleen, limited contagious extra lymphatic organ or site, or both

17
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma

Stage IV

A

multiple or disseminated foci of involvement of one or more extra lymphatic organs or tissues with or without lymphatic involvement

18
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma

Stage A

A

patient lacks constitutional symptoms

19
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma

Stage B

A

significant fever, night sweats, unexplained loss of more than 10% of normal body weight

20
Q

what is acute leukemia?

A

malignancy of the hematopoietic progenitor cell

21
Q

in acute leukemia, cells lose their ability to:

A

mature and differentiate, so they proliferate in an uncontrolled fashion and replace normal bone marrow

22
Q

what it acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) ?

A

rapid onset with high lymphocytes count, very immature, malignant cells (blasts)

23
Q

symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) are related to

A

depressed bone marrow

-fatigue (anemia), fever (infection), bleeding (thrombocytopenia), bone pain (marrow expansion)

24
Q

chronic lymphocytic anemia (CLL) characteristics:

A

slow onset, not Dx’d for months

25
Q

in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), bone marrow is replaced with:

A

myeloblasts

26
Q

what is special about the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?

A

has Philadelphia chromosomes

27
Q

treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is

A
  • tyrosine kinase inhibitors

- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

28
Q

plasma cell dyscrasias originates from:

A

from a clone of B cells that differentiate into neoplastic plasma cells and secrete a single immunoglobulin

29
Q

the plasma cells that produce the “light chains” of immunoglobulin, when secreted in the urine are:

A

Bence-Jones proteins

found in plasma cell dyscrasias

30
Q

the most common plasma cell dyscrasias is

A

multiple myeloma

31
Q

what is multiple myeloma?

A

multifocal lytic lesions throughout the skeletal system

32
Q

symptoms of multiple myeloma

A

bone pain, pathologic fractures, hypercalcemia (confusion, lethargy), infections, hyper viscosity syndrome, renal insufficiency

33
Q

abnormal bleeding disorders can be due to

A

weakness in blood vessel wall, insufficient platelets, clotting cascade problems, spontaneous, trauma

34
Q

causes of abnormal bleeding disorders

A
  • increased vessel fragility
  • deficiencies of platelets
  • derangements of clotting mechanisms
35
Q

what is the site of synthesis of several coagulation factors?

A

liver

36
Q

von Willebrand disease causes a:

A

decrease in platelet function and depressed factor VIII level

Medicine II (11 decks)

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