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AU2017 Gen Path Exam 1 > Lecture 5- Thromboembolic Disease 8/31 > Flashcards

Lecture 5- Thromboembolic Disease 8/31 Flashcards

1
Q

A… is an intravascular clot often impeding or preventing blood flow and … is the formation or presence of a thrombus that may result in infarction

A

thrombus

thombosis

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2
Q

The components of Virchows triad are

A
  1. endothelial injury
  2. alt. in blood flow
  3. hypercoagulability
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3
Q

Alteration in blood flow can be either… or … which both cause endothelial activation

A

stasis

turbulence

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4
Q

Endothelial injury leads to a loss of …. and increase in…. activity

A

barrier

prothrombotic

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5
Q

Hypercoagulability can be an … or … condition

A

inherited

acquired

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6
Q

3 inherited conditions of hypercoagulability are…

A

Factor V leiden
Prothrombin mutation
ATIII deficiency

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7
Q

5 acquired conditions of hypercoagulability

A
  1. prolonged bed rest
  2. extensive tissue injury
  3. pregnancy
  4. cancer
  5. anti- PL ab
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8
Q

Thrombosis on the arterial side results in a thrombus that is … which can be occlusive or mural and has … lines of Zahn

A

white

distinct

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9
Q

Thrombosis on the venous side results in a thrombus that is … and has…. lines of Zahn

A

red

indistinct

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10
Q

4 possible fates of thrombi

A
  1. propagation
  2. embolization
  3. dissolution
  4. organization/recanalized
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11
Q

… is the widespread activation of the coag cascade and fibrinolytic systems

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

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12
Q

DIC is called a “… coagulopathy”

A

consumptive

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13
Q

DIC results in the depletion of … and … and the elevation of … products leading to both … and …

A 
coagulation factors
platelets
fibrin split
microthrombi
hemorrhage
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14
Q

5 etiologies of DIC

A
  1. infection (gram neg bact)
  2. obstetric complications
  3. neoplasm
  4. shock
  5. massive tissue injury
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15
Q

The treatment for DIC is highly … and dependent upon management of ….

A

variable

underlyind disorder

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16
Q

DIC is potentially ….

A

life-threatening

17
Q

An … is an intravascular solid, liquid, or gaseous mass carried by the blood to a site distant from its point of origin

A

embolus

18
Q

The vast majority of emboli are …

A

dislodged thrombus material (thromboembolism)

19
Q

the origin of a pulmonary thromboembolism is usually from a

A

deep leg vein

20
Q

5 possible clinical consequences of pulmonary thromboembolism

A
  1. no manifestations
  2. pulmonary hemorrhage
  3. pulmonary infarction
  4. sudden death (saddle embolus)
  5. pulmonary HTN
21
Q

The origin of a systemic embolization is either …, … or …

A

LA
LV
atherosclerotic plaque

22
Q

A paradoxical systemic embolus is when the embolus arises in a … then crosses into the … side often through a ….

A

vein
arterial
patent foramen ovale

23
Q

5 types of embolism

A 
air
fat
amniotic fluid
thrombus
atherosclerotic plaque material
24
Q

an … is an area of ischemic necrosis secondary to occlusion of arterial supply or venous drainage. this is a major contributor to mortality assoc. with CV dz

A

infarction

25
Q

4 factors that influence infarct development

A
  1. nature of vascular supply
  2. rate of occlusion
  3. vulnerability to hypoxia
  4. O2 carrying capacity of CV system
26
Q

…. is systemic hypoperfusion

A

shock

27
Q

5 pathophysiologic categories of shock

A 
cardiogenic
hypovolemic
septic (endotoxin)
anaphylactic
neurogenic
28
Q

…. is the #1 cause of death in ICUs (… annually in the U.S.) 20% mortality

A

septic shock

200,000

29
Q

3 stages of shock

A

nonprogressive
progressive
irreversible

30
Q

… shock is when compensatory mechanisms maintain perfusion

A

nonprogressive

31
Q

… shock is when there is inadequate perfusion, lactic acidosis, DIC, anaerobic metab.

A

progressive

32
Q

… shock is when tissue injury is unrecoverable, multiple organ failure, death occurs

A

irreversible

33
Q

9 clinical manifestations of shock

A 
tachypnea
tachycardia
confusion
low UO
acidosis
high lactic acid
hypotension
cool clammy skin
pallor/cyanosis

AU2017 Gen Path Exam 1 (11 decks)

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