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Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave?

A

The maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its undisturbed position

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2
Q

What is the wavelength?

A

The distance between the same point on two adjacent waves

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3
Q

What is the frequency?

A

The number of complete waves passing a certain point per second. Frequency is measured in hertz. 1hz is one wave per second

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4
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

The oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.

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5
Q

What waves are transverse

A

All electromagnetic waves
Ripples and waves in water
A wave on a string

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6
Q

What are longitudinal waves

A

When oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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7
Q

Name examples of longitudinal waves

A

Sound waves

Shock waves

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8
Q

What is the equation linking
Frequency
Wave speed
Wavelength

A

Wave speed = frequency x wavelength

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9
Q

What is wave speed

A

The speed at which energy is being transferred

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10
Q

What is the speed of sound in air?

A

330m/s

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11
Q

What is the speed of light in vacuum?

A

300,000,000m/s

Applies to all em waves

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12
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

The one that you change

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13
Q

What is the dependant variable

A

The one that you measure

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14
Q

What is the control variable

A

The one you keep the same

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15
Q

Define repeatable

A

A repeatable measurement is when the original experimenter repeats the investigation using the same method

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16
Q

Define reproducible

A

A reproducible measurement is when the experiment is repeated by another person

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17
Q

Refine precision

A

Precise measurements are one in which there is very little spread about the mean value

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18
Q

Define accuracy

A

How close the result is to the true value

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19
Q

Define range

A

The difference between the highest and lowest value

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20
Q

When does refraction occur

A

Refraction occurs when light enters a new medium and changes speed due to a change in density

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21
Q

What is specular reflection

A

Normal reflection

The wave is reflected in a single direction

22
Q

What is diffuse reflection

A

It occurs on a rough surface. Wave can be reflected in any direction

23
Q

What is ultrasound

A

Any sound that is above human hearing range. 20kHz+

24
Q

How is ultrasound used in antenatal scans?

A

Ultrasound waves are sent into the uterus. The wave are partially reflected at a boundary. The reflection is timed to work out the distance travelled and a 2d picture is built up

25
Q

How is ultrasound used for kidney stone removal

A

Ultrasound waves vibrate and therefore break down the kidney stone

26
Q

How is ultrasound used for cleaning jewellery

A

High frequency vibrations can dislodge dirt from delicate jewellery

27
Q

How could bats use ultrasound?

A

Bats are nocturnal, so would use ultrasound to navigate as some of the sound would reflect off boundaries. They make chirps and hear the echoes then work out how far objects are away

28
Q

What does a frequency of 440Hz mean?

A

It vibrates 440 times a second

29
Q

What are p and S waves?

A

P and S waves are seismic waves. That are produced by earthquakes and sometime explosions

30
Q

Which out of p and S waves is more powerful?

A

S

31
Q

Which arrives after? P or S waves

A

S

32
Q

Which have a higher amplitude?

A

S

33
Q

Describe the differences and similarities between P and S waves?

A

P waves can travel through bog liquids and solids. However S waves can only travel through solids. P wave longitudinal and S waves are transverse. Can both be used to determine the structure. P waves don’t travel the same speed through everything

34
Q

Explain how scientists can use p and S wave to detect earthquakes and learn about the earth structure

A

When p and S waves enter a new medium they refract, just like light. This means scientists can calculate the deaths of the earths layers. When and S wave meets liquid it stops meaning there must be liquid in the earth

35
Q

Explain what an ultrasound wave is

A

A sound wave that is out of the human hearing range e.g under 20Hz or over 20kHz

36
Q

How can ultrasound waves be used to clean jewellery

A

High frequency vibrations can dislodge dirt from delicate jewellery

37
Q

Sound waves are caused by ______________________

A

Oscillations

38
Q

Name 2 uses of infrared radiation

A

They can be used of burglar alarms

Used in remote controls for the TV

39
Q

Which type of electromagnetic wave is used when a traffic signal communicates with a car driver?

A

Visible light

40
Q

Which type of electromagnetic wave is used to communicate with a satellite in space?

A

Microwaves

41
Q

How do mirrors work?

A

By reflecting light

42
Q

What do you call a mirror with a flat surface?

A

Plane mirror

43
Q

The line drawn at 90 degrees to the surface is called the ___________

A

Normal

44
Q

The angle between the incident ray and the normal is called the ___________________________

A

Angle of incidence

45
Q

The angle between the reflected ray and he normal is called the angle of ______________

A

Reflection

46
Q

What is the narrow beam of light that a ray box creates called?

A

A Ray

47
Q

What is a virtual image?

A

An image formed by light rays which appear to diverge from a point

48
Q

What does a medium allow when it transmits light?

A

It allows light through

49
Q

What does a medium disallow when it absorbs light?

A

It does not allow light to pass through

50
Q

When does refraction occur?

A

When light enters a new medium and changes speed due to a change in density

Physics (5 decks)

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