Endothelial cell pathology

Question 1

endothelial cells

Answer 1

derived from mesoderm

Question 2

the blood brain barrier

Answer 2

highly specialised protein
protects against toxins
blood vessel is completely surrounded by a single endothelial cell, the apposing junctions of which are connected by a tight junction
high number of pericytes

Question 3

the blood brain barrier

Answer 3

highly specialised protein
protects against toxins
blood vessel is completely surrounded by a single endothelial cell, the apposing junctions of which are connected by a tight junction
high number of pericytes 
carefully regulated transport mechanisms

Question 4

sinusoidal endothelium

Answer 4

most leaky
found in liver
no basement membrane
hepatocytes closest to the portal vein are therefore the most damaged in liver disease as they are first to be exposed to the toxins

Question 5

primary CNS tumours

Answer 5

will rarely metastasise due to tight endothelial barriers

Question 6

von willebrand factor

Answer 6

vwf responds to, and binds to exposed collagen following endothelial damage
binds to an attaches platelets to site of damage in order to begin repair process

Question 7

5 pillars of inflammation

Answer 7

fever
erythema
oedema
pain - bradykinins that trigger vasodilation also stimulate nerve endings
loss of function

Question 8

sepsis

Answer 8

endothelial function becomes overwhelmed
becomes systemic, rather than localised
localised cell death (apoptosis/necrosis) causes weakened junctions between endothelial cells
extravasation of neutrophils
increased expression of adhesion molecules, increasing NO and prostacyclin synthesis, causing vasodilation