Unit 7 - Module 31

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Question 2

Encoding

Answer 2

processing of information into memory

Question 3

Storage

Answer 3

process of retaining encoded information

Question 4

Retrieval

Answer 4

process of getting information out of storage

Question 5

Parallel Processing

Answer 5

processing many aspects simultaneously

Question 6

Sensory Memory

Answer 6

immediate, brief recording of info

Question 7

Short Term Memory

Answer 7

activated memory that holds little before being stored or forgotten

Question 8

Long Term Memory

Answer 8

relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of memory system

Question 9

Working Memory

Answer 9

focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual information and information retrieved from long term memory; holds 7 bits of information

Question 10

Effortful Processing

Answer 10

encoding with conscious effort and attention

Question 11

Automatic Processing

Answer 11

unconscious encoding (word meanings)

Question 12

Explicit Memories

Answer 12

facts and experiences we consciously know and can declare

Question 13

Implicit Memories

Answer 13

retention independent of conscious recollection (muscle memory)

Question 14

Iconic Memory

Answer 14

momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli (half a second)

Question 15

Echoic Memory

Answer 15

momentary sensory memory of audio stimuli (3-4 seconds)

Question 16

Chunking

Answer 16

organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often done automatically

Question 17

Mnemonics

Answer 17

memory aids; usually mental images and organizational devices

Question 18

Hierarchies

Answer 18

broad concepts divided into narrower ones

Question 19

Spacing Effect

Answer 19

distributed study yields better long retention

Question 20

Testing Effect

Answer 20

enhanced memory after retrieving

Question 21

Shallow Processing

Answer 21

encoding on a basic level based on appearance, structure, or sounds of words

Question 22

Deep Processing

Answer 22

encodes semantically based on word’s meaning

Question 23

Self Reference Effect

Answer 23

things that are personal or have meaning are more easily remembered

Question 24

Procedural Memory (long term)

Answer 24

memories of skills and how to perform them; stored sequentially; implicit

Question 25

Prospective Memory (long term)

Answer 25

remembering to complete a task; explicit

Question 26

Episodic Memory (long term)

Answer 26

memories of events in order; explicit

Question 27

Semantic Memory (long term)

Answer 27

general knowledge of facts, meanings, categories; explicit or implicit

Question 28

Semantic Encoding

Answer 28

encoding based on meaning (works best because it’s more effortful)