27. Body Movement

Question 1

what are four funcitons of a skeleton?

Answer 1

1. a scaffold to support rrame work and protect internal organs
2. lever which is required for movment
3. mineral stores of calcium and phosphours
4. the produciton of important blood cells (RBC and WBC)

Question 2

what is involved in the axial skeleton? (4 points)

and appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

• the skull
• sternum
• ribs
• vertebrae

appendicular skelton is everything else

Question 3

what are the 5 types of bones?

Answer 3

1. the long bone
2. short bone
3. flat bone
4. irregular bone
5. sesamoid bone

Question 4

what is the definition of a joint?

Answer 4

bones held tightly together by fibrous connective tissue or cartiliage

Question 5

what are the three main types of joints?

Answer 5

fixed - immovable and fibrous (skull)

semi moveable (cartiliginous) - vertebrae

moveable (synioval) - shoulder

Question 6

what is the structure and function of a fixed/immovable joint?

Answer 6

they overlap and interlock, held together by fibrous connective tissue. this is to protect important organs inside - eg brain

Question 7

what is the structure and funciton of semi moveable joints?

Answer 7

they are held togtether by ligaments and joined by articular cartilage. this is so they can move but still be stable and provide support. also act as a shock absorber

Question 8

what is the structure and function of movable synovial joints?

Answer 8

synovial fluid fills the cavity wtih articular cartilage at the end of the bone. allows for fluid movement and flexibilty it the joint

Question 9

what are the 5 types of synovial joints?

Answer 9

1. hinge - fingers and elbow
2. ball and socket - shoulder
3. pivot - neck
4. saddle - thumb
5. gliding - scapula

Question 10

what are ligaments?

Answer 10

very strong bands of fabrous connective tissue, hold the bones of a joint together

Question 11

what are the three types of muscle?

Answer 11

caridac muscle

smooth muscle

skeltal muscle

Question 12

how do muscles move?

Answer 12

they can only pull - not push

ie they can lenghthen under tenstion or actively shorten

Question 13

when a muscle moves, what happens to the bones and joints surrounding it?

Answer 13

they exert a force on a bone via a tendon

this cause rotation around a joint

the bones act as levers around the pivots or fulcurm of the joints

shortneing occurs when resistance occurs

Question 14

what is the first class lever?

Answer 14

the head resting on the the verebral column - posterior neck muscles provide musle force

its effiecent

Question 15

what is a second class lever?

Answer 15

rising up on your toes - resistance is the body weight

a good lever that can overcome large loads with less effort

Question 16

what is a third class lever?

Answer 16

elbox flexion - resistance is weight of the forearm and the fulcrum is the elbow joint

its the most common lever but its a poor lever - although its fast and has a large ROM

Question 17

what is the muscle attachement performance trade off?

Answer 17

the further the muscle attachemnt form the joint (fulcrum) the greater the force but less range of motion and speed

this is why theres a trade off