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Earths Climate > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How far do records go back in england? usa and europe?

A

325, and 200

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2
Q

WMO

A

world meteorological organization-international agency responsible for worldwide climatic data/instruments standards; authoritive voice on earths atmosphere, its interaction with oceans, climate and distribution of water resources

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3
Q

NCDC/NCEI

A

NCEI-national centers for environmental info-climatological library and research for the us (worlds largest) operated by the NOAA to describe, monitor, and assess climate and support efforts to predict changes in atmosphere. (produce climate change reports-high tide/flooding)

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4
Q

IPCC

A

intergovernmental panel on climate change-to understand the scientific basis of risk of human induced climate change-only do assessments from what scientists have said

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5
Q

Regional climatology

A

simple presentation of climatological data to describe the climate of a location

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6
Q

physical climatology

A

shows why the maps look like that (precip up or down)

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7
Q

dynamic

A

focuses on atmospheric motion on large scales and how that dictates the climate variability (jet stream, winds)

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8
Q

synoptic climatology

A

focuses on regional scale, focuses on atmosphere on air masses

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9
Q

bioclimatology

A

living things with environment

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10
Q

paleoclimatology

A

study climate prior to the instrumental weather record (tree cores, lake sediment)

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11
Q

atmospheric comp: N

A

70%

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12
Q

O

A

21%

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13
Q

water vapor

A

0-4%

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14
Q

CO2

A

0.01

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15
Q

Ozone

A

.11%

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16
Q

radiately active

A

interacts in a diff way, temporarily keeping it from escaping into space

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17
Q

volcanic gases are composed of:

A

80% water vapor, 10% co2, n-5-10%

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18
Q

inversion

A

if tropospheric air temp increases with height “caps” lower atmosphere trapping pollution

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19
Q

pascals

A

mercury air temp

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20
Q

mass ozone concentration is located

A

15 mi above, absorbs 98% of radiation

21
Q

uv radiation breaks down

A

cfc’s releasing Cl, destroys o3 rapidly

22
Q

ozone layer thinned by

A

3% from 79 to 91 over heavily populated areas of n hemisphere

23
Q

greatest thinning over

A

antarctica

24
Q

stratospheric clouds

A

produce surfaces that accelerates chemical reactions, cold and dry air pools

25
Q

heat capacity

A

the ratio of the amount of heat energy absorbed by a substance to the temp rise that occurs in the substance

26
Q

specific heat

A

amount of energy needed to raise the temp 1 degree C

27
Q

latent heat

A

released

28
Q

sensible heat

A

absorbed

29
Q

radiant flux density

A

amount of energy recieved on a unit surface area per unit time

30
Q

stefan boltzman law

A

higher the temp of object the greater amount of total energy emitted

31
Q

weins law

A

higher the temp, shorter the wavelength of max radiation emitted by object

32
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

7% uv, 44% vis light, 37% near infrared

33
Q

emissivity

A

radiation emitted/radiation emitted by black body

34
Q

solar constant

A

mean amount of energy reaching 1m^2 of outer atmosphere of earth every second

35
Q

radiative equilibrium

A

absorption of swr=emission of LWR

36
Q

selective absorber

A

earths atmosphere absorbs some wavelengths of radiation but not others

37
Q

atmospheric greenhouse effect

A

CO2 and H20 acts as insulating blanket as they prevent some LWR from escaping to space quickly

38
Q

albedo

A

portions of earths surface reflects large amount of incoming SWR, have high albedo (avg=31%)

39
Q

SWR budget

A

total amount of energy that arrives at top of earths atmosphere, 20% clouds, 6% scattered back to space, 4% reflected by earth

40
Q

LWR budget

A

51% absorbed by earths surface, heating an reemission as LWR, 91% emitted from atmosphere, 9% from earths atmosphere

41
Q

LWR

A

radiation hits troposphere (cooler) reflect back to space

42
Q

perihilion

A

nearest- jan 2

43
Q

aphelion

A

farthest july 4

44
Q

latitude determines amount of solar energy recieved

A

angle at which sunlight strikes surface AND amount of time above horizon

45
Q

earths axis

A

23.5

46
Q

daytime

A

more SWR reflected by clouds, and SWR reaching surface goes into evap. of water than heating surface (cooler)

47
Q

night time

A

more LWR absorbed and counter radiated toward the surface (warmer)

48
Q

global warming: when? where?

A

temp has risen 1.66F over the past 137 years

Earths Climate (4 decks)

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