Written Exam 1 Flashcards
Which joints are immovable or slightly movable?
Synarthrosis
(skull = suture, teeth = gomphorsis)
Name and describe the two divisions of the synarthrosis joints
Immovable or very slightly movable
- Suture = joints between bones in the skull
- Gomphosis = joint in between the roots of the teeth into the alveolar processes
What are slightly moveable joints?
Amphiarthrosis
What are two types of amphiarthrosis joints?
slightly movable
- Fibrocartilaginous discs = between vertebral bodies
- Fibrocartilaginous disc = between pubis symphysis
What are Diarthrosis joints?
freely movable joints
= most joints in body
What are the two types of synovial joints?
Joint cavity that produces a synovial fluid for lubrication
- Typical - ends of two bones are covered in articular cartilage, ligaments join the bones together, capsular ligaments, and joint cavity (lined by synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid)
- With articular Discs = Everything the same except there is an articular disc separating the two bones (knee and TMJ)
What type of joint is in plane or gliding
Plane or gliding
Acromioclavicular joint
What type of joint is a hinge?
Ginglymus
Hinge: motion in one plane (elbow)
What type of joint rotates on an axis?
Trochoid (pivot)
Rotation about an axis
dens of axis and atlas joint
What type of motion is in two plants, no rotation?
Condyloid
(occipital atlas joint when skull sits on your spine, rock head back and forth and side to side)
What type of joint has motion in all planes, plus rotation?
Enarthrodial (ball and socket)
Ex: hip joint
What type of joint is motion in two planes, some axial rotation
Sellar (saddle or Ellipsoid)
Example: Thumb joint
What bone features make up the TMJ?
Mandibular fossa
Articular eminence
Head of mandibular condyle
Articular surfaces covered by dense fibrous tissue
What type of joint classification is the TMJ?
ginglymoarthrodial - (hinge and gliding combination)
bilateral - (both sides of jaw)
Synovial Joint - (secretes synovial fluis)
Contains articulating disc
Explain the anatomy of the condyle of the mandible head and neck
1. Head = anterior articular surface (front of head), medial pole (inside), lateral pole (outside, and pterygoid pit (depression on medial side where lateral pterygoid muscle attaches)
2. Neck - below the condylar head
In the articular disc, what is the superior compartment responsible for?
sliding motion down the articular eminence
superior = gliding
In the articular disc, what is the inferior compartment responsible for in the TMJ?
hinge motion
inferior = hinge
What does the central region of the articular disc of the TMJ contain?
fibrocartilage
** important **
What does the posterior region of the articular disc of the TMJ contain?
elastic fibers
pressure bearing
Name and describe the ligaments in the TMJ area, where they connect and function
-
Temporomandibular (lateral) ligament
- Covers capsular ligament
- Zygomatic process of temporal -> neck of mandibular condyle
- Prevents posterior displacement and excess lateral displacement of condyle
-
Sphenomandibular ligament
- Spine of sphenoid -> lingula of mandible
- Prevents excessive opening
-
Stylomandibular ligament
- Styloid process to angle of mandible
- Prevents excessive protrusion
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/202/336/a_image_thumb.png?1506635104)
Name and describe the nerves that innervate the TMJ
Mandibular branch of trigeminal (V3)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/202/505/a_image_thumb.png?1506635479)
- Auriculotemporal = articular branches to most of joint
- Masseteric = to small anterior portion
- Deep temporal = to small anterior portion (highly painful)
What is the major nerve that innervates the TMJ?
Trigeminal V3 (mandibular branch)
What are the major blood supplies to the TMJ area?
1. superficial temporal artery = numerous branches supply posterior capsule. Terminal branch of external carotid
2. Maxillary artery = runs deeper to the mandibular space. Terminal branch of external carotid artery (into pterygoid space)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/202/706/a_image_thumb.png?1506635804)
What are the 5 main motions involved with the TMJ, name, describe, state the muscles
1. Protrusion = condyles move forward, lateral pterygoid
2. Retrusion = condyles move back, posterior and horizontal temporalis, masseter
3. Depression = condyles rotate anteriorly and articular disc glides down. Wide opening = protrusion and depression, Suprahyoid, infrahyoid, lateral pterygoid
4. Elevation = discs glide back up eminence and condyles rotate posteriorly, masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis
5. Lateral deviation = excursion - move mandible right or left causing discs on one side to glide down eminence and the other side to rotate anteriorly, opposite lateral pterygoid
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/203/019/a_image_thumb.png?1506636131)
What are the is the motion and muscles involved with protrusion
Protrusion = condyles move forward,
- lateral pterygoid
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/203/357/a_image_thumb.png?1506636388)
What are the motions and actions involved in Retraction?
- Retrusion = condyles move back,
- posterior and horizontal temporalis, masseter
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/203/553/a_image_thumb.png?1506636631)
What are the muscles and actions involved in Elevation
- Elevation = discs glide back up eminence and condyles rotate posteriorly,
- masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/203/618/a_image_thumb.png?1506636685)
What are the muscles and actions involved in Depression
- Depression = condyles rotate anteriorly and articular disc glides down.
Wide opening = protrusion and depression,
- Suprahyoid, infrahyoid, lateral pterygoid (wide)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/203/732/a_image_thumb.png?1506636831)
What are the muscles and actions involved in lateral deviation
- Lateral deviation = excursion - move mandible right or left causing discs on one side to glide down eminence and the other side to rotate anteriorly,
- opposite lateral pterygoid
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/203/783/a_image_thumb.png?1506636870)
On the condyle of the TMJ, what is the most common fracture?
What is the name for a partial dislocation of the TMJ?
neck = 30%
Angle = 25%
Chin = 22%
Subluxation (partial dislocation)
What features make up the roof of the orbit?
- orbital plate of frontal
- Lesser wing of sphenoid
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/203/956/a_image_thumb.png?1506637183)
What features make up the floor of the orbit?
- orbital surface of maxilla
- Orbital surface of zygomatic
- Orbital process of palatine
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/204/170/a_image_thumb.png?1506637243)
What features make up the medial wall of the orbit?
- frontal process of Maxilla
- Lacrimal bone
- Orbital plate of ethmoid
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/204/190/a_image_thumb.png?1506637297)
What features make up the lateral wall of the orbit?
- Orbital surface zygomatic
- Greater wings of the sphenoid
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/204/213/a_image_thumb.png?1506637346)
What features make up the base of the orbit (of the cone)
Orbital margin - outlines/surroundings the opening to the eye socket
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/204/453/a_image_thumb.png?1506637412)
What features make up the Apex of the cone of the orbit?
Optic canal/foramen
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/204/581/a_image_thumb.png?1506637536)
What features make up the boundaries for the Inferior Orbital Fissure?
- Zygomatic bone
- Maxilla
- Sphenoid
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/204/603/a_image_thumb.png?1506637586)
What are the following features that make up the superior orbital fissure boundaries?
- Palatine bone
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/204/698/a_image_thumb.png?1506637645)
What are the following features that make up the optic canal boundaries?
- sphenoid
- Ethmoid
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/221/204/746/a_image_thumb.png?1506637689)
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?
V1 = ophthalmic
V2 = maxillary
V3 = mandibular
What features run through the optic canal?
CN II = Optic nerve
Ophthalmic artery
What features run through the superior orbital fissure?
Nerves 3, 4, 5/1, 6
CN III = Oculomotor nerve
CN IV = Trochlear Nerve
CN V1 = Trigeminal, ophthalmic
CN VI = Abducens Nerve
Superior ophthalmic vein
What features run through the Inferior orbital fissure?
Infraorbital nerve (V2 - trigeminal, maxillary)
Infraorbital artery, vein
Zygomatic nerve (V2 - trigeminal, maxillary)
Inferior opthalmic vein
What features run through the supraorbital foramen?
Superior orbital nerve (V1 - Trigeminal, Ophthalmic)
Superior orbital vein and artery
What features run through the infraorbital canal?
Infraorbital nerve (V2 - trigeminal, maxillary)
Infraorbital vein and artery
Nerve runs through infraorbital groove and into the infraorbital canal and out front of face through the infraorbital foramen
What features run through the Anterior ethmoidal foramen?
Anterior ethmoidal nerve (V1 - Trigeminal, Ophthalmic)
Nerve called nasociliary nerve
Medial wall of the orbit/superior boarder - anterior
What features run through the Posterior ethmoidal foramen?
Poster ethmoidal nerve (V1 - Trigeminal, Ophthalmic)
Nerve called nasociliary nerve
Medial wall of the orbit/superior boarder - Posterior
What features run through the zygomaticofacial foramen?
Zygomaticofacial nerve (V2 - trigeminal, maxillary)
zygomaticofacial artery and vein
branch off the zygomatic nerve that ran through the infraorbital fissure into the orbital cavity
What features run through the zygomaticotemporal foramen?
Zygomaticotemporal nerve (V2 - trigeminal, maxillary)
zygomaticotemporal artery and vein
branch off the zygomatic nerve that ran through the infraorbital fissure into the orbital cavity
Where do the extrinsic muscles of the eye originate from?
All from the annular tendon
EXCEPT for the inferior oblique, that originates from the maxilla