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HLTH 210 > Chapter 14 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Absence seizures

A

A type of generalized seizure in which there are minimal or no movements, patient may appear to have a blank stare.
Also known as petit mal or non-convulsive seizures.

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2
Q

Acute abdomen

A

The sudden onset of severe abdominal pain that may be related to one of many medical conditions or a specific injury to the abdomen.

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3
Q

Altered mental status

A

A disturbance in a patient’s level of consciousness including delirium and confusion.
Causes include injury, infection, poison, drug abuse, and fluid/electrolyte imbalance.

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4
Q

Aneurysm

A

An abnormal bulging of an artery due to weakness in the blood vessel.
May occur in the aorta (main artery of the heart), brain, leg, or other location.

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5
Q

Aphasia

A

A disorder characterized by difficulty or inability to produce or understand language, caused by injury to the areas of the brain that control language.

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6
Q

Aura phase

A

The 1st stage of a generalizes seizure, during which the patient experiences perceptual disturbances, often visual or olfactory in nature.

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7
Q

Blood glucose level (BGL)

A

The level of glucose circulating in the blood, measured using a glucometer.

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8
Q

Clonic phase

A

The 3rd stage of a generalized seizure in which the patient experiences the seizure itself.

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9
Q

Complex partial seizure

A

A type of partial seizure in which the patient may experience an altered mental status or be unresponsive.

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10
Q

Diabetes

A

A disease in which there are high levels of blood glucose due to defects in insulin production, insulin action or both.

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11
Q

Diabetic coma

A

A life-threatening complication of diabetes in which very high blood sugar causes the patient to become unconscious.

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12
Q

Diabetic emergency

A

A situation in which a person becomes ill because of an imbalance of insulin and sugar in the bloodstream.

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13
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

An accumulation of organic acids and ketones (waste products) in the blood.
Occurs when there is inadequate insulin and high blood sugar levels.

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14
Q

Embolism

A

A blockage in an artery or vein caused by blood clot or fragment o plaque that travels through the blood vessels until it gets stuck, preventing blood flow.

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15
Q

Epilepsy

A

A brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.

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16
Q

Fainting

A

Temporary loss of consciousness, usually related to temporary insufficient blood flow to the brain.
Also known as syncope, blacking out, or passing out.

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17
Q

FAST

A

An acronym to help remember the symptoms of a stroke.

Face/Arm/Speech/Time

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18
Q

Febrile seizures

A

Seizure activity brought on by an excessively high fever in a young child or infant.

19
Q

Generalized tonic clonic seizures

A

Seizures that affect most or all o the brain.

Types include petit mal and grand mal seizures.

20
Q

Glucose

A

A simple sugar that is the primary source of energy for the body’s tissues.

21
Q

Grand mal seizures

A

A type of generalized seizure that involves whole body contractions with loss of consciousness.

22
Q

Hemodialysis

A

A common method of treating advanced kidney failure in which blood is filtered outside the body to remove wastes and extra fluids.

23
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

A condition in which too much sugar is in the bloodstream, resulting in higher than normal BGL’s.
AKA high blood glucose.

24
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Abnormally high levels of potassium in the blood.

If extremely high, can cause cardiac arrest and death.

25
Q

Hypervolemia

A

A condition in which there is an abnormal increase of fluid in the blood.

26
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

A condition in which too little sugar is in the bloodstream, resulting in lower than normal BGLs.
AKA low blood glucose.

27
Q

Hypovolemia

A

A condition in which there is an abnormal decrease in fluid of the blood.

28
Q

Hypoxemia

A

A condition in which there are decreased levels of oxygen in the blood.
Can disrupt the body’s functioning and harm tissues, may be life threatening.

29
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone produced by the pancreas t help glucose move into the cells.
In patients with diabetes, it may not be produced at all or may not be produced in sufficient amounts.

30
Q

Partial seizures

A

Seizures that affect only part of the brain.

May be simple or complex.

31
Q

Peritoneal dialysis

A

A method of treatment for kidney failure in which waste products and extra fluid are drawn into a solution which has been injected into the abdominal cavity and are withdrawn through a catheter.

32
Q

Post-ictal phase

A

The final phase of a generalized seizure, during which the patient become extremely fatigued.

33
Q

Seizure

A

A disorder in the brain’s electrical activity, sometimes marked by los of consciousness and often by uncontrollable muscle movement.
Also called a convulsion.

34
Q

Sepsis

A

A life-threatening illness in which the body is overwhelmed by its response to infection.
Commonly referred to as blood poisoning.

35
Q

Shunt

A

A surgically created passage between two natural body channels, such as an artery and a vein, to allow the flow of fluid.

36
Q

Simple partial seizures

A

Seizures in which a specific body part experiences muscle contractions and does not affect memory or awareness.

37
Q

Status epilepticus

A

An epileptic seizure (or repeated seizures) that lasts longer than 5 minutes without any sign of slowing down.
Should be considered life-threatening and requires prompt advanced medical care.

38
Q

Stroke

A

A disruption of blood flow to a part of the brain, which may cause permanent damage to brain tissue.

39
Q

Syncope

A

A term used to describe the loss of consciousness.

AKA fainting.

40
Q

Thrombus

A

A blood clot that forms in a blood vessel and remains there, slowing the flow of blood and depriving tissues of normal blood flow and oxygen.

41
Q

Tonic phase

A

The second phase of a generalized seizure during which the patient becomes unconscious ad muscles become rigid.

42
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

A condition that produces stroke-like symptoms but causes no permanent damage.
May be a precursor to a stroke.

43
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

A type of diabetes in which the pancreas does not produce insulin.
Formerly known as insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile diabetes.

44
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

A type of diabetes in which insufficient insulin is produced or the insulin is not use efficiently.
Formerly known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes or adult-onset diabetes.

HLTH 210 (30 decks)

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