ch2 (chemistry of life)

Question 1

what are three parts of an atom, what charges are they, and where are they located?

Answer 1

proton: positive (+), inside the nucleus
Neutrons: no charge, inside nucleus
electron: negative (-), orbiting outside nucleus

Question 2

what are isotopes ?

Answer 2

atoms of the same element that differ in the number of Neutron they contain

Question 3

what can isotopes be used for ?

Answer 3

to determine the ages of rocks and fossils,treat cancer, kill bacteria that makes food spoil, and to follow movement within an organism

Question 4

what holds compounds together ?

Answer 4

a chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions

Question 5

how are compounds and mixtures different

Answer 5

mixtures are physically combined and not physically combined

Question 6

ionic bond

Answer 6

a bond formed when 1 or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 7

covalent bond

Answer 7

bond formed when electrons are shared between atoms

Question 8

what are valence electrons

Answer 8

electrons in the outer shell/orbit

Question 9

how are valence electrons involved in ion formation

Answer 9

they are the electrons that are gained or lost in an ionic bond

Question 10

what is a solute

Answer 10

substance that is dissolved

Question 11

solvent

Answer 11

substance in which the solute dissolves

Question 12

reactants

Answer 12

elements that enter into a chemical reaction

Question 13

products

Answer 13

elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

Question 14

what ions do bases form in a solution

Answer 14

OH-

Question 15

where do reactants bind to the enzyme

Answer 15

the active site

Question 16

in what type of reaction dose the product have more energy than the reactant

Answer 16

energy obsorbing reaction

Question 17

characteristics of acids

Answer 17

higher consintration of H+ ions than water and their ph values are below 7

Question 18

what are bases also known as

Answer 18

alkaline

Question 19

base

Answer 19

contain lower consintrations of h+ ions that water and their ph values are above 7

Question 20

what dose the atomic # tell you

Answer 20

the amount of protons in an element and there for the amount of electrons

Question 21

what is the mass# and what can u use it to find

Answer 21

it is the # of protons + neutrons. you can find the # of nuetrons by subtracting the atomic # from the mass#

Question 22

enzyme

Answer 22

a protein that works as a biological catalyst. they speed up the rate of chemical reactions within a cell

Question 23

what is a carbohydrate (what are they used for in living organisms and what elements are they made of )

Answer 23

an organic compounds made up carbon, hydrogen and oxygen usually in a 1:2:1 ratio. living things use these as main source on energy and sometimes for structural purposes

Question 24

lipid

Answer 24

organic compounds made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms. used to store energy and some are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.

Question 25

Protiens

Answer 25

macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. made of amino acids. control rate of reactions and regulate cell processes, to form bones and muscles, and transport substances in/out of cells

Question 26

Nucleic acid

Answer 26

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous. they store and transmit hereditary or genetic info.

Question 27

what are the 2 types of nucleic acid

Answer 27

DNA and RNA

Question 28

macromolecules are formed by what process

Answer 28

polymerization

Question 29

what is polymerization

Answer 29

when monomers are joined to form polymers

Question 30

what is polarity

Answer 30

when there is an uneven distribution of electrons in atoms

Question 31

monosacharide

Answer 31

simple sugars

Question 32

cohesion

Answer 32

the attraction between the same type os substances (surface tension)

Question 33

adhesian

Answer 33

attraction between different types of substances