Chapter 5: The Genetics of Bacteria and their Viruses Flashcards
prokaryotes
DNA not enclosed in a nucleus
ex. bacteria
horizontal transmission
a type of gene transmission without cell division
ex. DNA transfer on a plasmid, transformation, transduction
vertical transmission
transfer of DNA down through bacterial generations
plating
a process whereby a small amount of a liquid culture is pipetted onto a petri plate containing solid agar medium and spread evenly on the surface with a sterile spreader
colony
a mass of bacteria that is visible to the naked eye
cell clones
members of a colony that have a single genetic ancestor
prototrophic
can grow/divide on minimal medium (substrate only contains basic needs)
ex. WT bacteria
auxotrophic
cells will not grow unless medium contains one or more specific cellular building blocks
ex. mutant bacteria
conjugation
the physical union of bacterial cells
conjugating prents act….
unequally (donor transfers some or all of genome into recipient)
donor ability is a hereditary state imposed by a:
fertility factor (F)
plasmid
nonessential circular DNA that can replicate in the cytoplasm independent of the host chromosome
how do plasmids make single-stranded versions of themselves?
through rolling circle replication (the single strand that is formed/transferred then acts as a template and is converted into a double helix)
Hfr
high frequency of recombination, where donor genes become incorporated in recipient’s chromosomes through cross-over’s to create a recombinant cell
if there is no recombination or integration of transferred DNA, then…
transferred fragments of DNA are lost
interrupted mating
put in blender to separate mating pairs at varying time intervals