Chapter 1 pt 2

Question 1

what was the Scopes Monkey trial

Answer 1

trial in the 1900’s, Scopes was charged for teaching evolution, and even though it was admitted that the Bible should not be taken literally (the creation section) Scopes was fired and charged anyway
there has been a long battle of people trying to teach evolution and getting in trouble for it

Question 2

what is observation—

Answer 2

the gathering of scientific information by watching a phenomenon

Question 3

what is deduction—

Answer 3

a conclusion that follows logically from a set of observations

Question 4

what is hypothesis—

Answer 4

a preliminary explanation of a phenomenon, hypothesis information is the first step of the scientific method

Question 5

what is experimentation—

Answer 5

the testing of a hypothesis

Question 6

what is data—

Answer 6

the scientific evidence produced by an experiment or by observation, from which scientific conclusions are made

Question 7

what is scientific method—

Answer 7

scientific research procedure in which a hypothesis is states, data are collected to test it, and a hypothesis is either supported or refuted

Question 8

what is falsifiable—

Answer 8

the ability to be proven false (a hypothesis must be falsifiable)

Question 9

what is paradigm—

Answer 9

a conceptual framework useful for understanding a body of evidence

Question 10

what did aristotle believe

Answer 10

believed each living thing possessed an absolutely fixed essence that could not be altered and that here was a hierarchy that all life was organized onto (humans at the top)
immutability— stasis, lack of change

Question 11

during the Renaissance, 3 major developments made way for the establishment of an academic discipline devoted to a scientific understanding of the human condition:

Answer 11

1. the great artists f the Renaissance— showed the body more accurately than that of the Middle Ages
2. exploration of the new world — discoveries of greater amounts of nature (biological and cultural)
   polygenism— ancient belief that people are derived from multiple creations
   people who thought like this were imprisoned or even killed during this time
   monogenism— ancient belief that all people are derived from a single creation
3. scientific revolution

Question 12

what is taxonomy—

Answer 12

the science of biological classification

Question 13

what is binomial nomenclature—

Answer 13

linnaean naming system for all organisms, consisting of a genus and species label

Question 14

who came up with the classification system

Answer 14

linnaeus

Question 15

what is taxon—

Answer 15

a group of organisms assigned to a particular category

Question 16

what is catastrophism—

Answer 16

theory that there have been multiple creations interspersed by great natural disasters such as Noah’s flood

Question 17

what is theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics—

Answer 17

discredited theory of evolutionary change proposing that changes that occur during the lifetime of an individual, through us or disguise, can be passed on to the next generation

Question 18

what is lysenkoism—

Answer 18

soviet-era research program that tried to apply Lamarickian thinking to agricultural production

Question 19

what is uniformitarianism—

Answer 19

theory that the same gradual geological process we observe today was operating in the past

Question 20

what is biogeography—

Answer 20

the distribution of animals and plants on earth

Question 21

what is adaptive radiation—

Answer 21

the diversification of one founding species into multiple species and niches

Question 22

what is natural selection—

Answer 22

differential reproductive success over multiple generations

Question 23

what is vestigial organis—

Answer 23

body parts that seem to serve no modern purpose and have, therefore, atrophied
Darwin found this to be the case of many organisms he observed

Question 24

what is population—

Answer 24

an interbreeding group of organisms

Question 25

what is mutation—

Answer 25

an alteration in the DNA, which may or may not alter the function of a cell, it i occurs in a gamete it may be passed from one generation to the next

Question 26

who was Agassiz—

Answer 26

was against Darwin and his ideas