Anatomy - Back Flashcards
*What is the basic architecture of the spinal column?
Basics:
- Pyramid
- Segmented
- to allow for movement
- Over 100 joints!
Spinal Curvatures
- Cervical
- Lordosis - posterior concavity
- Thoracic
- Kyphosis - posterior convexity
- Lumbar
- Lordosis - posterior concavity
- Sacral
- Kyphosis - posterior convexity
-
Scoliosis (abnormal)
- Lateral curvature
*What are the regions of the vertebrae?
-
Cervical (7)
- Spinouos process
- Transverse foramen
-
Thoracic (12)
- Declination of spinous process
-
Lumbar (5)
- Size
- Spinous process
-
Sacral (5 fused)
- Base of pyramid
- Coccyx (3-5 fused)
*What is the structure and function of the intervertebral disc?
- Annulus Fibrosus
- exterior rim
- Nucleus Pulposus
- interior
*What are the basic kinematics of the body as applied to the spine?
- Movement, not forces
- Vectors
- 6° of freedom?
- Joint Anatomy
- facilitates
- restricts
- Extension/Flexion
- Lateral Flexon
- Rotation
*What are the layers of muscle in the back & what are their primary functions?
-
Superficial
- Upper limb movement
- Trapezius
- Deltoid
- Infraspinatus/Supraspinatus
- Teres Major/Minor
- Latissimus dorsi
- Rhomboid major/minor
- Levator scapulae
- Splenius cervicis/capititis
- Semispinalis capitis muscle
- Upper limb movement
-
Intermediate
- Accessory respiratory
- Serratus anterior/posterior superior/inferior
- External/Interna loblique
- Accessory respiratory
-
Deep
- Spine support
- Erector spinae
- Iliocostalis
- Longissimus
- Spinalis
- Transversospinales
- Levatores costarum
- hold spine to rib
- Erector spinae
- Spine support
- Gait
What are the contents and spaces of the vertebral canal?
- CNS (spinal cord)
-
Meninges
- Dura mater
- archnoid mater
- SAS
- pia mater
- recurrent (meningeal) branches of spinal nerve
-
Blood
- Arteries
- Segmental
- Vertebral
- Intercostal
- Lumbar
- Lateral Sacral
- Veins (Posterior/Anterior)
- Vertebral plexus
- No valves
- Arteries
-
Fat
- epidural space
What is the relationship between the spinal cord and vertebral
column?
- Spinal cord
- C1-Co
- C1-L2
- CPU
- Gray Matter
- White Matter
- tracks
- Nerves vs. Vertebrae
- C7, C8
- Conus medullaris
- Cauda equina
- LP
How does the CNS traffick information in & out?
- CNS/PNS
- Input/Output
- Afferenet/Efferent
- Sensory/Motor
- PNS
- Somatic
- Visceral (autonomic nervious system)
What is the basic architecture of the spinal nerve?
- The arboreal analogy:
- roots, trunk, branches (rami)
- The Law of Bell‐Magendie
- dorsal root : sensory
- ventral root: motor
- The mixed “peripheral” nerve and its branches
- afferent/efferent
- somatic/visceral
What are the modalities carried by the spinal nerve?
Distribution of Spinal Nerves
- Dermatome (skin)
- different from the plexus branch distribution
- Myotome (muscles)
- Sclerotome (bones)
What is the basic pathology of the spine as it relates to the spinal nerve?
- Degenerative Joint Disease
- Spondylolysis
- Spondylolisthesis
What is the Suboccipital Triangle?
- 4 muscles
- 1 nerve
- Vertebral Artery
- Tension Headache
How is blood suppied to the spinal cord?
What is the arrangement of spinal arteries?
What is the arrangement of spinal veins?
What are the Superficial Back Muscles?
What are the Deep Back Muscles?
What type of ligaments are shown?
Anterior longitudinal
What type of ligment is shown?
Posterior longitudinal
How is the spinal cord innervated?
What are the meninges?
What are the components of the spinal nerve?
- The arboreal analogy:
- roots, trunk, branches (rami)
- The Law of Bell-Magendie
- dorsal root : sensory
- ventral root: motor
- The mixed “peripheral” nerve and its branches
- afferent/efferent
- somatic/visceral
- Contrast the cranial nerve
- (single and/or multiple modalities)
Intervertebral Foramen
What is a Herniated Nucleus Pulposus?
- Usually posterolateral
- Ligament position
- Affects one or more spinal nerves
- Dx:
- straight leg raise
- Tx:
- Rest/exercise, etc.
- Surgery?
