Ancient Indo-Europeans (2000-330)

Question 1

Hittites

Answer 1

Sacked Babylon in 1595, Mitannians prevented advance into Mesopotamia until 1360 (1550-1200)
Hittites and Egyptians fighting–Qadesh 1274-prolly a draw, Egypt says otherwise, peace made because Hittites are scared of Assyria, who are liberated as Mitannians fall. Hattusil general in Kadesh, negotiated peace
Control most of metal trade; other superpower with Egypt
Few small cities and Hattusas, the capital–warlike tribal society
Collapsed about 1200, couldn’t handle famine and people flooding in after sea people’s invasion
Sea peoples force many empires to fall, even Egyptians retreat around 1200

Question 2

Assyria

Answer 2

Assur, Calah, Nineveh capitals.
Early Assyria--2000
Middle Assyria 1350-1200,
Assyria takes over after Mitannians die
Assyrian Empire--860-612--most fearful empire

Question 3

Assyrian Legacy

Answer 3

Militarant, intimidating, began common use of metal and breeding horses to battle size, terrorists (Israel). Strict laws, especially on women, began use of veils for women.
Babylon always fighting harsh Assyrians, and defeated them
Greatest art and literature of near east, yet most ferocious and nasty

Question 4

Shalmaneser III

Answer 4

(858-824)–black obelisk with Jehu on it synchronism

Question 5

Tiglath-Pileser III

Answer 5

(745-727 Pul in bible)–forces tribute from northern kingdom

Question 6

Shalmaneser V

Answer 6

(726-722) upset with northern kingdom, sieges Samaria

Question 7

Sargon II

Answer 7

-(722-705) finishes northern kingdom destruction in 722 (general?), Samarians are left over-part Jew, part not

Question 8

Sennacherib

Answer 8

(705-681)–in Isaiah sieges Jerusalem with 185k men (Hezekiah), tablet says he had Hezekiah caught like a bird in a cage. Killed by sons, Esarhaddon defended his rise to power

Question 9

Esarhaddon

Answer 9

(681-669) controls Egypt, untimely death

Question 10

Ashurbanipal

Answer 10

(669-627) collected cuneiform texts and put in library

Question 11

Pheonicia

Answer 11

(fl. 1200-800 bc)
First notable Western seafarers
Shipped wood, scarlet dye, and copper to Egypt
Bible word derived from shipping paper through Byblos
Explored Mediterranean, North Africa, and maybe even Britain and maybe circumnavigated Africa
Roots of Greek alphabet

Question 12

Chaldeans

Answer 12

626-539. Neo-Babylonians. Nabopolassar, Nebuchadnezzar II

Nabonidus

Question 13

Nabopolassar

Answer 13

(625-605)–Assyrians fleeing to Egypt, Babylon wrecks both of them and starts empire.

Question 14

Nebuchadnezzar II

Answer 14

(605-562)–King during Daniel.
Walls that you could ride horses on-Herodotus.
Defeated Assyria and Egypt in 605 at Carchemish and establishes empire (N’s Chronicle).
Married a Mede from Persia, maybe built her Hanging Gardens, if they aren’t Assyrian.
Diverted Euphrates to surround city
Like Assyria, they deported and were nasty

Question 15

Nabonidus

Answer 15

real ruler, disrespected Marduk, so the people didn’t like him, so he was exiled from Babylon. Belshazzar instead ruled and saw Daniel’s writing on the wall

Question 16

Persian Empire

Answer 16

easily conquered Babylon, as Herodotus said (he talks about Greco-Persian wars)–Achaemenid–largest Near East empire–Iran, stans, Mesopotamia through Egypt, and Anatolia. Cyrus, Darius, Xerxes, etc.

Question 17

Cyrus II

Answer 17

(539-530)–dams Babylon, Persia walks in at night and takes over
Wanted to be known as a kinder people–Cyrus’s Cylinder-repatriation

Question 18

Darius I

Answer 18

(521-486)
Susa–Esther, Persepolis–city to show off; Ecbatana and Babylon
“Eyes and Ears of the King”–controlled by a set of spies
“Royal Road”–Persians wanted to connect the empire–communication lifeline, posts with fresh horses

Question 19

Xerxes I

Answer 19

(486-465)
Invasion of Greece (490-480)
Esther, queen of Xerxes

Question 20

zoroastrian (Persia)

Answer 20

light god/dark god–Persian dualism–Christians borrowed hell from them?