Slide 1 Flashcards
What makes a cell specialized?
since the DNA of all cells are the same:
- control of gene expression
- unique cell-specific transcriptomes and proteomes
What are the essential factors for differentiation in cell?
cell-cell communication
growth factors
ECM composition
cell location in differentiating embryo
What are the 3 major pathways for cell differentiation in stem cell?
- endoderm
- mesoderm
- ectoderm
What is gastrulation?
gives rise to primary germ, layers of endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm
What do ectoderms give rise to?
skin cells (integument/skin), neurons (nervous system), pigment cell (lens of eyes)
What do mesoderms give rise to?
cardiac muscle skeletal muscle tubule cell of kidney red blood cell (circulatory system) smooth muscle (excretory system) (connective tissue)
What do endoderms give rise to?
lung cell (lining of digestive and respiratory tracts) thyroid cell pancreatic cell (parts of liver) (bladder)
What is a tissue? What are the 4 major types?
similar cells specialized to perform a certain function
- epithelial
- connective tissue
- muscle
- nervous
Describe the histology of a mammary gland tissue.
-columnar secretory epithelium
What is the function of epithelial?
- covers and protect body surface
- lines body cavities
- movement of substances
- glandular activity (secretory)
Where is epithelial found?
skin, linin of respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary, glands of body
What is the function of connective tissue?
connect anchors, supports structure, transport, provides structural metabolic support
Where is connective tissue found?
bone, tendons, blood and fat
What is connective tissue made of?
polysaccharide matric, secreted and organized by cells in ECM (fibroblasts)
How can general connective tissues be organized?
loose or dense depending on the arrangement of fibres
What is common to all connective tissue except for blood?
They secrete ECM molecules like collagen to give support and form to structures
What are specialized forms of ECM?
tendons and cartilage
What are the functions of the muscle?
contract and generate force
What is the function of a nervous tissue?
initiate and transmit electrical impulse
Where is nervous tissue found?
brain, spinal cord and nerves
What is an organ?
made of different kinds of tissue to perform a special function
What tissues make up the stomach?
smooth muscle epithelium connective tissue loose connective tissue nervous tissue
How can death occur considering homeostasis?
can no longer be maintained.
disease is when it is disrupted.
What happened when there is low glucose? How can the body maintain homeostasis?
body slows glucose uptake and keep more in bloodstream, more glucose released by liver